# OKO mirrors at work

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1. Patrick Llull, Xin Yuan, Lawrence Carin and David J Brady.
Image translation for single-shot focal tomography. Optica 2(9):822–825, September 2015.
Focus and depth of field are conventionally addressed by adjusting longitudinal lens position. More recently, combinations of deliberate blur and computational processing have been used to extend depth of field. Here we show that dynamic control of transverse and longitudinal lens position can be used to decode focus and extend depth of field without degrading static resolution. Our results suggest that optical image stabilization systems may be used for autofocus, extended depth of field, and 3D imaging.
The authors have used a 17-ch MMDM with tip-tilt stage (MMDM15-17TT).
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Llull:15,
title = "Image translation for single-shot focal tomography",
author = "Patrick Llull and Xin Yuan and Lawrence Carin and David J. Brady",
journal = "Optica",
year = 2015,
month = "Sep",
note = {Focus and depth of field are conventionally addressed by adjusting longitudinal lens position. More recently, combinations of deliberate blur and computational processing have been used to extend depth of field. Here we show that dynamic control of transverse and longitudinal lens position can be used to decode focus and extend depth of field without degrading static resolution. Our results suggest that optical image stabilization systems may be used for autofocus, extended depth of field, and 3D imaging. The authors have used a 17-ch MMDM with tip-tilt stage (MMDM15-17TT)},
number = 9,
pages = "822--825",
volume = 2,
abstract = "Focus and depth of field are conventionally addressed by adjusting longitudinal lens position. More recently, combinations of deliberate blur and computational processing have been used to extend depth of field. Here we show that dynamic control of transverse and longitudinal lens position can be used to decode focus and extend depth of field without degrading static resolution. Our results suggest that optical image stabilization systems may be used for autofocus, extended depth of field, and 3D imaging.",
doi = "10.1364/OPTICA.2.000822",
keywords = "Three-dimensional image acquisition; Computational imaging",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2016.02.25",
url = "http://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?URI=optica-2-9-822"
}

2. Jacopo Antonello and Michel Verhaegen.
Modal-based phase retrieval for adaptive optics. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 32(6):1160–1170, June 2015.
Optical aberrations have detrimental effects in multiphoton microscopy. These effects can be curtailed by implementing model-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics, which only requires the addition of a wavefront shaping device, such as a deformable mirror (DM) to an existing microscope. The aberration correction is achieved by maximizing a suitable image quality metric. We implement a model-based aberration correction algorithm in a second-harmonic microscope. The tip, tilt, and defocus aberrations are removed from the basis functions used for the control of the DM, as these aberrations induce distortions in the acquired images. We compute the parameters of a quadratic polynomial that is used to model the image quality metric directly from experimental input–output measurements. Finally, we apply the aberration correction by maximizing the image quality metric using the least-squares estimate of the unknown aberration.
The authors have used a 17-ch MMDM with tip-tilt stage (MMDM15-17TT).
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Antonello:15,
title = "Modal-based phase retrieval for adaptive optics",
author = "Jacopo Antonello and Michel Verhaegen",
journal = "J. Opt. Soc. Am. A",
year = 2015,
month = "Jun",
note = {Optical aberrations have detrimental effects in multiphoton microscopy. These effects can be curtailed by implementing model-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics, which only requires the addition of a wavefront shaping device, such as a deformable mirror (DM) to an existing microscope. The aberration correction is achieved by maximizing a suitable image quality metric. We implement a model-based aberration correction algorithm in a second-harmonic microscope. The tip, tilt, and defocus aberrations are removed from the basis functions used for the control of the DM, as these aberrations induce distortions in the acquired images. We compute the parameters of a quadratic polynomial that is used to model the image quality metric directly from experimental input\&\#x2013;output measurements. Finally, we apply the aberration correction by maximizing the image quality metric using the least-squares estimate of the unknown aberration. The authors have used a 17-ch MMDM with tip-tilt stage (MMDM15-17TT)},
number = 6,
pages = "1160--1170",
volume = 32,
abstract = "We consider using phase retrieval (PR) to correct phase aberrations in an optical system. Three measurements of the point-spread function (PSF) are collected to estimate an aberration. For each measurement, a different defocus aberration is applied with a deformable mirror (DM). Once the aberration is estimated using a PR algorithm, we apply the aberration correction with the DM, and measure the residual aberration using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The extended Nijboer-Zernike theory is used for modelling the PSF. The PR problem is solved using both an algorithm called PhaseLift, which is based on matrix rank minimization, and another algorithm based on alternating projections. For comparison, we include the results achieved using a classical PR algorithm, which is based on alternating projections and uses the fast Fourier transform.",
doi = "10.1364/JOSAA.32.001160",
keywords = "Wave-front sensing; Phase retrieval; Aberration compensation; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2016.02.25",
url = "http://josaa.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-32-6-1160"
}

3. Raja A Bayanna, Rohan E Louis, S Chatterjee, Shibu K Mathew and P Venkatakrishnan.
Membrane-based deformable mirror: intrinsic aberrations and alignment issues. Appl. Opt. 54(7):1727–1736, March 2015.
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{RajaBayanna:15,
title = "Membrane-based deformable mirror: intrinsic aberrations and alignment issues",
author = "A. Raja Bayanna and Rohan E. Louis and S. Chatterjee and Shibu K. Mathew and P. Venkatakrishnan",
journal = "Appl. Opt.",
year = 2015,
month = "Mar",
number = 7,
pages = "1727--1736",
volume = 54,
abstract = "A deformable mirror (DM) is an important component of an adaptive optics system. It is known that an on-axis spherical/parabolic optical component, placed at an angle to the incident beam introduces defocus as well as astigmatism in the image plane. Although the former can be compensated by changing the focal plane position, the latter cannot be removed by mere optical realignment. Since the DM is to be used to compensate a turbulence-induced curvature term in addition to other aberrations, it is necessary to determine the aberrations induced by such (curved DM surface) an optical element when placed at an angle (other than 0\&\#xA0;deg) of incidence in the optical path. To this effect, we estimate to a first order the aberrations introduced by a DM as a function of the incidence angle and deformation of the DM surface. We record images using a simple setup in which the incident beam is reflected by a 37 channel micro-machined membrane deformable mirror for various angles of incidence. It is observed that astigmatism is a dominant aberration, which was determined by measuring the difference between the tangential and sagittal focal planes. We justify our results on the basis of theoretical simulations and discuss the feasibility of using such a system for adaptive optics considering a trade-off between wavefront correction and astigmatism due to deformation.",
doi = "10.1364/AO.54.001727",
keywords = "Aberration compensation; Aberrations (global); Alignment; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2016.02.25",
url = "http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-54-7-1727"
}

4. Jared Maxson, Hyeri Lee, Adam C Bartnik, Jacob Kiefer and Ivan Bazarov.
Adaptive electron beam shaping using a photoemission gun and spatial light modulator. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 18:023401, February 2015.
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{PhysRevSTAB.18.023401,
title = "Adaptive electron beam shaping using a photoemission gun and spatial light modulator",
author = "Maxson, Jared and Lee, Hyeri and Bartnik, Adam C. and Kiefer, Jacob and Bazarov, Ivan",
journal = "Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams",
year = 2015,
month = "Feb",
pages = 023401,
volume = 18,
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.023401",
issue = 2,
numpages = 9,
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
timestamp = "2016.02.25",
}

5. Muharrem Bayraktar.
Adaptive multilayer optics for extreme ultraviolet wavelengths. Enschede, 2015.
URL BibTeX

@phdthesis{so94641,
title = "Adaptive multilayer optics for extreme ultraviolet wavelengths",
author = "Muharrem {Bayraktar}",
year = 2015,
abstract = "In this thesis we describe the development of a new class of optical components to enhance the imaging performance by enabling adaptations of the optics. When used at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths, such ?adaptive optics? offers the potential to achieve the highest spatial resolution in imaging known to date, i.e., a resolution down to several nanometers. These optics are discussed, e.g., in the field of photolithography for the fabrication of more energy efficient and faster electronic equipment. The topics in this thesis can be subdivided into two parts. The first part includes a mirror design that can be used to enhance the spectral quality of EUV light sources. Our design consists of a diffractive Fresnel zone plate patterned in the surface of a curved mirror to achieve spectral purification, i.e., removing undesired wavelengths of the EUV light sources. The removed light is recycled to produce more EUV light. This design achieves four orders of magnitude purification and provides a 35% improvement in efficiency. The second part of the thesis describes a new class of adaptive multilayer mirrors that can be used to correct wavefront distortions, reflectance degradations or wavelength deviations. These adaptive optics contain integrated crystalline piezoelectric thin films of which the film thickness can be adjusted by an externally applied voltage. Because the optics substrates typically have an amorphous structure, so far it was not possible to grow high quality crystalline piezoelectric films on them. We utilized crystalline nanosheets on these substrates to grow the highest quality, i.e., epitaxial, piezoelectric films (PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3, PZT). The PZT films show a record high piezoelectric coefficient of 98 pm/V, although the piezoelectric response in this case is still reduced due to clamping by the substrate. We minimized the clamping effect by depositing films with a columnar structure, which enhances the voltage-controlled change in film thickness. In these films we measured a piezoelectric response of 280 pm/V, the highest value reported on glass substrates. Importantly, the developed films can produce a stroke of 25 nm. This order of magnitude is useful when considering to correct EUV wavefront distortions.",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "Universiteit Twente",
timestamp = "2016.02.25",
url = "http://doc.utwente.nl/94641/"
}

6. Qun Hao, Xuemin Cheng, Jiqiang Kang and Yuhua Jiang.
An Image Stabilization Optical System Using Deformable Freeform Mirrors. Sensors 15(1):1736, 2015.
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{s150101736,
title = "An Image Stabilization Optical System Using Deformable Freeform Mirrors",
author = "Hao, Qun and Cheng, Xuemin and Kang, Jiqiang and Jiang, Yuhua",
journal = "Sensors",
year = 2015,
number = 1,
pages = 1736,
volume = 15,
abstract = "An image stabilization optical system using deformable freeform mirrors is proposed that enables the ray sets to couple dynamically in the object and image space. It aims to correct image blurring and degradation when there is relative movement between the imaging optical axis and the object. In this method, Fermat’s principle and matrix methods are used to describe the optical path of the entire optical system with a shift object plane and a fixed corresponding image plane in the carrier coordinate system. A constant optical path length is determined for each ray set, so the correspondence between the object and the shift free image point is used to calculate the solution to the points on the surface profile of the deformable mirrors (DMs). Off-axis three-mirror anastigmats are used to demonstrate the benefits of optical image stabilization with one- and two-deformable mirrors.",
doi = "10.3390/s150101736",
issn = "1424-8220",
owner = "oleg",
pubmedid = 25599423,
timestamp = "2016.02.25",
url = "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/1/1736"
}

7. Kaoru Yamanouchi, Steven Cundiff, Regina Vivie-Riedle, Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami and Louis DiMauro (eds.).
Ultrafast Phenomena XIX: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference, Okinawa Convention Center, Okinawa, Japan, July 7-11, 2014
. Chapter Measurement and Characterization of Sub-5 fs Broadband UV Pulses in the 230–350 nm Range, pages 744–748, Springer International Publishing, 2015.
We report a new design of an all-reflective 3rd-order frequency resolved optical gating setup (FROG) for measurement and characterization of ultrashort UV-pulses in the 230–350 nm spectral range and tested it using 7.3 fs pulses generated in the 250–300 nm range. This setup allows also heterodyne detection which significantly increases its sensitivity.
The authors used a linear MMDM..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@inbook{Prokhorenko2015,
title = "Ultrafast Phenomena XIX: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference, Okinawa Convention Center, Okinawa, Japan, July 7-11, 2014",
author = "Prokhorenko, Valentyn I. and Picchiotti, Alessandra and Maneshi, Samansa and Dwayne Miller, R. J.",
chapter = "Measurement and Characterization of Sub-5 fs Broadband UV Pulses in the 230--350 nm Range",
editor = "Yamanouchi, Kaoru and Cundiff, Steven and Vivie-Riedle, Regina and Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto and DiMauro, Louis",
pages = "744--748",
publisher = "Springer International Publishing",
year = 2015,
note = "We report a new design of an all-reflective 3rd-order frequency resolved optical gating setup (FROG) for measurement and characterization of ultrashort UV-pulses in the 230–350 nm spectral range and tested it using 7.3 fs pulses generated in the 250–300 nm range. This setup allows also heterodyne detection which significantly increases its sensitivity. The authors used a linear MMDM.",
abstract = "We report a new design of an all-reflective 3rd-order frequency resolved optical gating setup (FROG) for measurement and characterization of ultrashort UV-pulses in the 230–350 nm spectral range and tested it using 7.3 fs pulses generated in the 250–300 nm range. This setup allows also heterodyne detection which significantly increases its sensitivity.",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-319-13242-6_183",
isbn = "978-3-319-13242-6",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2016.02.25",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13242-6_183"
}

8. Jürgen W Czarske, Hannes Radner, Christoph Leithold and Lars Büttner.
Smart Laser Interferometer with Electrically Tunable Lenses for Flow Velocity Measurements through Disturbing Interfaces. Photonics 2(1):1, 2015.
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{photonics2010001,
title = "Smart Laser Interferometer with Electrically Tunable Lenses for Flow Velocity Measurements through Disturbing Interfaces",
author = "Czarske, Jürgen W. and Radner, Hannes and Leithold, Christoph and Büttner, Lars",
journal = "Photonics",
year = 2015,
number = 1,
pages = 1,
volume = 2,
abstract = "Interferometric velocity measurements are of great importance at flow investigations. However, the laser beams can be distorted at the interfaces between optical media of different refractive indices. Temporal fluctuations of these distortions will cause a deterioration of the laser interferometer signals. We have harnessed the power of programmable photonics devices to eliminate this signal deterioration. Non-invasive flow velocity measurements through a rapidly fluctuating media interface with large strokes of about 100 microns are presented. Our work represents a paradigm shift for interferometric velocity measurement techniques from using static to dynamic optical elements.",
doi = "10.3390/photonics2010001",
issn = "2304-6732",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2016.02.25",
url = "http://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/2/1/1"
}

9. Bing Dong and Ji Yu.
Hybrid approach used for extended image-based wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics. Chinese Optics Letters 13(4):041101–41105, 2015.
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{BingDong2015,
title = "Hybrid approach used for extended image-based wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics",
author = "Dong, Bing and Yu, Ji",
journal = "Chinese Optics Letters",
year = 2015,
number = 4,
pages = "041101--41105",
volume = 13,
abstract = "The stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm is widely used in wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics (WSAO) systems. However, the convergence is relatively slow. Modal-based algorithms usually provide much faster convergence than SPGD; however, the limited actuator stroke of the deformable mirror (DM) often prohibits the sensing of higher-order modes or renders a closed-foop correction inapplicable. Based on a comparative analysis of SPGD and the DM-modal-based algorithm, a hybrid approach involving both algorithms is proposed for extended image-based WSAO, and is demonstrated in this experiment. The hybrid approach can achieve similar correction results to pure SPGD, but with a dramatically decreased iteration number.",
doi = "10.3788/COL201513.041101",
file = ":C$\backslash$:/Users/oleg/Documents/articles unsorted/col-13-4-041101.pdf:pdf",
isbn = "1671-7694",
issn = "1671-7694",
keywords = "MMDM37,OKO,WF sensorless,aberrations,algorithm,deformable mirrors",
mendeley-tags = "MMDM37,OKO,WF sensorless",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2016.03.17",
url = "{\textless}Go to ISI{\textgreater}://WOS:000353671800005 http://www.opticsjournal.net/Abstract.htm?id=OJ150416000067iOkRnU"
}

10. Jacopo Antonello, Tim Werkhoven, Michel Verhaegen, Hoa H Truong, Christoph U Keller and Hans C Gerritsen.
Optimization-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics for multiphoton microscopy. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 31(6):1337–1347, June 2014.
Optical aberrations have detrimental effects in multiphoton microscopy. These effects can be curtailed by implementing model-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics, which only requires the addition of a wavefront shaping device, such as a deformable mirror (DM) to an existing microscope. The aberration correction is achieved by maximizing a suitable image quality metric. We implement a model-based aberration correction algorithm in a second-harmonic microscope. The tip, tilt, and defocus aberrations are removed from the basis functions used for the control of the DM, as these aberrations induce distortions in the acquired images. We compute the parameters of a quadratic polynomial that is used to model the image quality metric directly from experimental input–output measurements. Finally, we apply the aberration correction by maximizing the image quality metric using the least-squares estimate of the unknown aberration.
The authors have used a 17-ch MMDM with tip-tilt stage (MMDM15-17TT).
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Antonello:14,
title = "Optimization-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics for multiphoton microscopy",
author = "Jacopo Antonello and Tim van Werkhoven and Michel Verhaegen and Hoa H. Truong and Christoph U. Keller and Hans C. Gerritsen",
journal = "J. Opt. Soc. Am. A",
year = 2014,
month = "Jun",
note = {Optical aberrations have detrimental effects in multiphoton microscopy. These effects can be curtailed by implementing model-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics, which only requires the addition of a wavefront shaping device, such as a deformable mirror (DM) to an existing microscope. The aberration correction is achieved by maximizing a suitable image quality metric. We implement a model-based aberration correction algorithm in a second-harmonic microscope. The tip, tilt, and defocus aberrations are removed from the basis functions used for the control of the DM, as these aberrations induce distortions in the acquired images. We compute the parameters of a quadratic polynomial that is used to model the image quality metric directly from experimental input\&\#x2013;output measurements. Finally, we apply the aberration correction by maximizing the image quality metric using the least-squares estimate of the unknown aberration. The authors have used a 17-ch MMDM with tip-tilt stage (MMDM15-17TT)},
number = 6,
pages = "1337--1347",
volume = 31,
abstract = "Optical aberrations have detrimental effects in multiphoton microscopy. These effects can be curtailed by implementing model-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics, which only requires the addition of a wavefront shaping device, such as a deformable mirror (DM) to an existing microscope. The aberration correction is achieved by maximizing a suitable image quality metric. We implement a model-based aberration correction algorithm in a second-harmonic microscope. The tip, tilt, and defocus aberrations are removed from the basis functions used for the control of the DM, as these aberrations induce distortions in the acquired images. We compute the parameters of a quadratic polynomial that is used to model the image quality metric directly from experimental input\&\#x2013;output measurements. Finally, we apply the aberration correction by maximizing the image quality metric using the least-squares estimate of the unknown aberration.",
doi = "10.1364/JOSAA.31.001337",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Wave-front sensing; Scanning microscopy; Aberration compensation; Imaging through turbid media ; Nonlinear microscopy",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2014.07.01",
url = "http://josaa.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-31-6-1337"
}

11. T I M Werkhoven, J Antonello, H H Truong, M Verhaegen, H C Gerritsen and C U Keller.
Snapshot coherence-gated direct wavefront sensing for multi-photon microscopy. Opt. Express 22(8):9715–9733, April 2014.
Deep imaging in turbid media such as biological tissue is challenging due to scattering and optical aberrations. Adaptive optics has the potential to compensate the tissue aberrations. We present a wavefront sensing scheme for multi-photon scanning microscopes using the pulsed, near-infrared light reflected back from the sample utilising coherence gating and a confocal pinhole to isolate the light from a layer of interest.
The authors have used a 17-ch MMDM with tip-tilt stage (MMDM15-17TT).
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{vanWerkhoven:14,
title = "Snapshot coherence-gated direct wavefront sensing for multi-photon microscopy",
author = "T. I. M. van Werkhoven and J. Antonello and H. H. Truong and M. Verhaegen and H. C. Gerritsen and C. U. Keller",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2014,
month = "Apr",
note = {Deep imaging in turbid media such as biological tissue is challenging due to scattering and optical aberrations. Adaptive optics has the potential to compensate the tissue aberrations. We present a wavefront sensing scheme for multi-photon scanning microscopes using the pulsed, near-infrared light reflected back from the sample utilising coherence gating and a confocal pinhole to isolate the light from a layer of interest. The authors have used a 17-ch MMDM with tip-tilt stage (MMDM15-17TT)},
number = 8,
pages = "9715--9733",
volume = 22,
abstract = "Deep imaging in turbid media such as biological tissue is challenging due to scattering and optical aberrations. Adaptive optics has the potential to compensate the tissue aberrations. We present a wavefront sensing scheme for multi-photon scanning microscopes using the pulsed, near-infrared light reflected back from the sample utilising coherence gating and a confocal pinhole to isolate the light from a layer of interest. By interfering the back-reflected light with a tilted reference beam, we create a fringe pattern with a known spatial carrier frequency in an image of the back-aperture plane of the microscope objective. The wavefront aberrations distort this fringe pattern and thereby imprint themselves at the carrier frequency, which allows us to separate the aberrations in the Fourier domain from low spatial frequency noise. A Fourier analysis of the modulated fringes combined with a virtual Shack-Hartmann sensor for smoothing yields a modal representation of the wavefront suitable for correction. We show results with this method correcting both DM-induced and sample-induced aberrations in rat tail collagen fibres as well as a Hoechst-stained MCF-7 spheroid of cancer cells.",
doi = "10.1364/OE.22.009715",
keywords = "Aberrations (global); Index measurements; Imaging through turbid media ; Nonlinear microscopy; Tissue characterization ; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2014.07.10",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-22-8-9715"
}

12. Juergen Czarske, Christoph Leithold, Nektarios Koukourakis, Lars Büttner, Moritz Stürmer and Ulrike Wallrabe.
Novel adaptive laser measurement techniques. SPIE Newsroom, 2014.
The authors used a deformable mirror (MMDM15-17TT) to overcome a shortcoming of existing laser interferometers in fluid dynamics applications..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Czarske2014,
title = "Novel adaptive laser measurement techniques",
author = {Czarske, Juergen and Leithold, Christoph and Koukourakis, Nektarios and B\"{u}ttner, Lars and St\"{u}rmer, Moritz and Wallrabe, Ulrike},
journal = "SPIE Newsroom",
year = 2014,
month = "August 7",
note = {The authors used a deformable mirror (MMDM15-17TT) to overcome a shortcoming of existing laser interferometers in fluid dynamics applications.},
doi = "10.1117/2.1201407.005543",
howpublished = "SPIE Newsroom",
organization = "SPIE",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2014.09.04",
url = "http://spie.org/x109257.xml"
}

13. Lars Büttner, Christoph Leithold and Jürgen Czarske.
Advancement of an Interferometric Flow Velocity Measurement Technique by Adaptive Optics. International Journal of Optomechatronics 8(1):1-13, 2014.
The authors present interferometric flow velocity measurements through a fluctuating air-water interface by the use of adaptive optics. Using the adaptive optics, the rate of valid measurement signals can be improved from 28% to 83%. The results are promising to enable measurements in difficult environments affected by refractive index variations which were not accessible so far. MMDM15-17TT has been used.
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Buttner2014,
title = "Advancement of an Interferometric Flow Velocity Measurement Technique by Adaptive Optics",
author = {B\"{u}ttner, Lars and Leithold, Christoph and Czarske, J\"{u}rgen},
journal = "International Journal of Optomechatronics",
year = 2014,
note = {The authors present interferometric flow velocity measurements through a fluctuating air-water interface by the use of adaptive optics. Using the adaptive optics, the rate of valid measurement signals can be improved from 28% to 83%. The results are promising to enable measurements in difficult environments affected by refractive index variations which were not accessible so far. MMDM15-17TT has been used},
number = 1,
pages = "1-13",
volume = 8,
doi = "10.1080/15599612.2014.890685",
eprint = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2014.890685",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2014.09.05",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2014.890685"
}

14. Alistair Paul Curd.
Ocular accommodation control and adaptive optics. The development of monocular and binocular adaptive optics instrumentation for the study of accommodation and convergence, and study of the monocular accommodative response to rapid changes in dioptric stimuli.. 2014.
URL BibTeX

@phdthesis{Curd2014,
title = "Ocular accommodation control and adaptive optics. The development of monocular and binocular adaptive optics instrumentation for the study of accommodation and convergence, and study of the monocular accommodative response to rapid changes in dioptric stimuli.",
author = "Curd, Alistair Paul",
year = 2014,
abstract = "The relationship between accommodation and myopia has been under investigation for many years, and the effort to understand it is ongoing. In this thesis, an introduction to the state of myopia research is given first, with particular reference to studies of accommodation and higher-order ocular aberrations, which feature in the subsequent chapters. Following a brief introduction to the general technique of aberrometry and visual stimulus control using adaptive optics, the development of a monocular adaptive optics instrument for this purpose is described. The instrument is used to vary a dioptric stimulus and record the accommodation response in pilot studies and a detailed experiment, which has also been published elsewhere. It is found, among other things, that accommodation can respond to more than one different input level during its latency period, and that such inputs can be stored until components of the accommodation control system are free to process them. Indications of a minimum halting time for accommodation, of around 0.6 s, are presented. In later chapters, the development and testing of a new, binocular adaptive optics apparatus will be found. As well as binocular aberrometry and adaptive optics control of stimulus aberrations, this instrument displaces images to allow for and stimulate ocular convergence in binocular accommodation experiments. It is the first instrument in the world with its combined functionalities. Finally, the contribution of this thesis is summarised, and further instrumentation development and experiments are put forward for the continuation of this branch of accommodation and myopia research.",
date = "2015-07-01",
institution = "University of Bradford",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2016.02.25",
url = "http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7323"
}

15. Lars Büttner, Christoph Leithold and Jürgen Czarske.
Interferometric velocity measurements through a fluctuating gas-liquid interface employing adaptive optics. Opt. Express 21(25):30653–30663, December 2013.
Optical transmission through fluctuating interfaces of mediums with different refractive indexes is limited by the occurring distortions. Temporal fluctuations of such distortions deteriorate optical measurements. In order to overcome this shortcoming we propose the use of adaptive optics. For the first time, an interferometric velocity measurement technique with embedded adaptive optics is presented for flow velocity measurements through a fluctuating air-water interface. A low order distortion correction technique using a fast deformable mirror (MMDM15-17TT) and a Hartmann-Shack sensor (based on piA640-210gm) with high frame rate is employed. The obtained high control bandwidth enables precise measurements also at fast fluctuating media interfaces. This methodology paves the way for several kinds of optical flow measurements in various complex environments..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Buttner:13,
title = "Interferometric velocity measurements through a fluctuating gas-liquid interface employing adaptive optics",
author = {Lars B\"{u}ttner and Christoph Leithold and J\"{u}rgen Czarske},
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2013,
month = "Dec",
note = {Optical transmission through fluctuating interfaces of mediums with different refractive indexes is limited by the occurring distortions. Temporal fluctuations of such distortions deteriorate optical measurements. In order to overcome this shortcoming we propose the use of adaptive optics. For the first time, an interferometric velocity measurement technique with embedded adaptive optics is presented for flow velocity measurements through a fluctuating air-water interface. A low order distortion correction technique using a fast deformable mirror (MMDM15-17TT) and a Hartmann-Shack sensor (based on piA640-210gm) with high frame rate is employed. The obtained high control bandwidth enables precise measurements also at fast fluctuating media interfaces. This methodology paves the way for several kinds of optical flow measurements in various complex environments.},
number = 25,
pages = "30653--30663",
volume = 21,
abstract = "Optical transmission through fluctuating interfaces of mediums with different refractive indexes is limited by the occurring distortions. Temporal fluctuations of such distortions deteriorate optical measurements. In order to overcome this shortcoming we propose the use of adaptive optics. For the first time, an interferometric velocity measurement technique with embedded adaptive optics is presented for flow velocity measurements through a fluctuating air-water interface. A low order distortion correction technique using a fast deformable mirror and a Hartmann-Shack camera with high frame rate is employed. The obtained high control bandwidth enables precise measurements also at fast fluctuating media interfaces. This methodology paves the way for several kinds of optical flow measurements in various complex environments.",
doi = "10.1364/OE.21.030653",
keywords = "Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology; Laser Doppler velocimetry; Spatial light modulators; Optical engineering; Adaptive interferometry; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2014.05.01",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-25-30653"
}

16. Zoran Popovic, Jrgen Thaung, Per Knutsson and Mette Owner-Peterse.
Dual Conjugate Adaptive Optics Prototype for Wide Field High Resolution Retinal Imaging. In Adaptive Optics Progress. Number Dm, InTech, December 2012, pages 3–22.
The authors have used two our MMDS in their setup.
URL, DOI BibTeX

@incollection{Popovic2012,
title = "Dual Conjugate Adaptive Optics Prototype for Wide Field High Resolution Retinal Imaging",
author = "Popovic, Zoran and Thaung, Jrgen and Knutsson, Per and Owner-Peterse, Mette",
booktitle = "Adaptive Optics Progress",
publisher = "InTech",
year = 2012,
month = "dec",
note = "The authors have used two our MMDS in their setup",
number = "Dm",
pages = "3--22",
doi = "10.5772/53640",
file = ":C$\backslash$:/Users/oleg/Documents/articles unsorted/41398.pdf:pdf",
keywords = "MMDM37,OKO",
mendeley-tags = "MMDM37,OKO",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2016.03.17",
}

17. M Loktev, G Vdovin, O Soloviev, S Kryukov and S Savenko.
Adaptive optics combined with computer post-processing for horizontal turbulent imaging. In Real-Time Image and Video Processing 8437. 2012, 84370Y-84370Y-9.
We describe an approach that offers an almost real time image enhancement through turbulent and wavy media. The approach consists in a combination of optimization-based adaptive optics with digital multi-frame post-processing. Applications in astronomical and terrestrial imaging, where the image features are initially unresolved due to loss of contrast, blur, vibrations and image wander have been illustrated by experimental results. A new software from Flexible Optical BV is presented..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@inproceedings{Loktev2012,
title = "Adaptive optics combined with computer post-processing for horizontal turbulent imaging",
author = "Loktev, M. and Vdovin, G. and Soloviev, O. and Kryukov, S. and Savenko, S.",
booktitle = "Real-Time Image and Video Processing",
year = 2012,
month = "June 1",
note = {We describe an approach that offers an almost real time image enhancement through turbulent and wavy media. The approach consists in a combination of optimization-based adaptive optics with digital multi-frame post-processing. Applications in astronomical and terrestrial imaging, where the image features are initially unresolved due to loss of contrast, blur, vibrations and image wander have been illustrated by experimental results.  A new software  from Flexible Optical BV is presented.},
pages = "84370Y-84370Y-9",
volume = 8437,
doi = "10.1117/12.927853",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "+ http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.927853"
}

18. Eric S Have and Gleb Vdovin.
Physical and mechanical properties of a TIR-based liquid micro deformable mirror. In Micro-Optics 8428. 2012, 84281W-84281W-11.
A deformable mirror based on the principle of total internal reflection (TIR) of light from an electrostatically deformed liquid-air interface was realized and used to perform closed-loop adaptive optical correction on a collimated laser beam aberrated by a rotating phase disk. The liquid system was characterized including open- and closed-loop frequency responses, determination of rise-times, the damping times of the liquid, and the influence of liquid surface motion in the absence of external optical aberrations. The dynamic behavior of the liquid was found to be dominated by gravity waves and the results of the experimental realization were in good agreement with the predictions of the theory. A miniaturization of the system promises to eliminate the dominant gravity waves and considerably reduce the errors introduced by ambient vibrations. Here we explore the possibilities of such a micro mirror and establish the boundary conditions and requirements for its realization..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@inproceedings{Have2012,
title = "Physical and mechanical properties of a TIR-based liquid micro deformable mirror",
author = "ten Have, Eric S. and Vdovin, Gleb",
booktitle = "Micro-Optics",
year = 2012,
note = "A deformable mirror based on the principle of total internal reflection (TIR) of light from an electrostatically deformed liquid-air interface was realized and used to perform closed-loop adaptive optical correction on a collimated laser beam aberrated by a rotating phase disk. The liquid system was characterized including open- and closed-loop frequency responses, determination of rise-times, the damping times of the liquid, and the influence of liquid surface motion in the absence of external optical aberrations. The dynamic behavior of the liquid was found to be dominated by gravity waves and the results of the experimental realization were in good agreement with the predictions of the theory. A miniaturization of the system promises to eliminate the dominant gravity waves and considerably reduce the errors introduced by ambient vibrations. Here we explore the possibilities of such a micro mirror and establish the boundary conditions and requirements for its realization.",
pages = "84281W-84281W-11",
series = "Proc. SPIE",
volume = 8428,
doi = "10.1117/12.927073",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "+ http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.927073"
}

19. Saisai Niu, Jianxin Shen, Chun Liang, Yunhai Zhang and Bangming Li.
High-resolution retinal imaging with micro adaptive optics system. Appl. Opt. 50(22):4365–4375, August 2011.
The authors describe a retinal imaging system based on 37-channel MMDM and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Niu2011,
title = "High-resolution retinal imaging with micro adaptive optics system",
author = "Saisai Niu and Jianxin Shen and Chun Liang and Yunhai Zhang and Bangming Li",
journal = "Appl. Opt.",
year = 2011,
month = "Aug",
note = "The authors describe a retinal imaging system based on 37-channel MMDM and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor from OKO Technologies.",
number = 22,
pages = "4365--4375",
volume = 50,
doi = "10.1364/AO.50.004365",
keywords = "Aberration compensation; Adaptive imaging ; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-50-22-4365"
}

20. Mikhail Loktev, Oleg Soloviev, Svyatoslav Savenko and Gleb Vdovin.
Speckle imaging through turbulent atmosphere based on adaptable pupil segmentation. Opt. Lett. 36(14):2656–2658, July 2011.
We report on the first results to our knowledge obtained with adaptable multiaperture imaging through turbulence on a horizontal atmospheric path. We show that the resolution can be improved by adaptively matching the size of the subaperture to the characteristic size of the turbulence. Further improvement is achieved by the deconvolution of a number of subimages registered simultaneously through multiple subapertures. Different implementations of multiaperture geometry, including pupil multiplication, pupil image sampling, and a plenoptic telescope, are considered. Resolution improvement has been demonstrated on a ~550 m horizontal turbulent path, using a combination of aperture sampling, speckle image processing, and, optionally, frame selection..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Loktev2011a,
title = "Speckle imaging through turbulent atmosphere based on adaptable pupil segmentation",
author = "Mikhail Loktev and Oleg Soloviev and Svyatoslav Savenko and Gleb Vdovin",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2011,
month = "Jul",
note = "We report on the first results to our knowledge obtained with adaptable multiaperture imaging through turbulence on a horizontal atmospheric path. We show that the resolution can be improved by adaptively matching the size of the subaperture to the characteristic size of the turbulence. Further improvement is achieved by the deconvolution of a number of subimages registered simultaneously through multiple subapertures. Different implementations of multiaperture geometry, including pupil multiplication, pupil image sampling, and a plenoptic telescope, are considered. Resolution improvement has been demonstrated on a ~550 m horizontal turbulent path, using a combination of aperture sampling, speckle image processing, and, optionally, frame selection.",
number = 14,
pages = "2656--2658",
volume = 36,
doi = "10.1364/OL.36.002656",
keywords = "Atmospheric and oceanic optics ; Image processing; Imaging systems",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-14-2656"
}

21. Favio Bortoletto, Carlotta Bonoli, Paolo Panizzolo, Catalin D Ciubotaru and Fabio Mammano.
Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy with GRIN Objective Aberration Correction by Low Order Adaptive Optics. PLoS ONE 6(7):e22321, July 2011.
The authors describe a multiphoton confocal fluorescence imaging system equipped with a compact objective that incorporates a GRIN probe and requires no adjustment mechanisms. They minimized the effects of aberrations with optical compensation provided by a 15-mm 37-channel MMDM from Flexible Optical BV inserted in the optical path of the confocal architecture, resulting in greatly enhanced image quality..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Bortoletto2011,
title = "Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy with GRIN Objective Aberration Correction by Low Order Adaptive Optics",
author = "Bortoletto, Favio AND Bonoli, Carlotta AND Panizzolo, Paolo AND Ciubotaru, Catalin D. AND Mammano, Fabio",
journal = "PLoS ONE",
year = 2011,
month = 07,
note = "The authors describe a multiphoton confocal fluorescence imaging system equipped with a compact objective that incorporates a GRIN probe and requires no adjustment mechanisms. They minimized the effects of aberrations with optical compensation provided by a 15-mm 37-channel MMDM from Flexible Optical BV inserted in the optical path of the confocal architecture, resulting in greatly enhanced image quality.",
number = 7,
pages = "e22321",
volume = 6,
doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0022321",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "Public Library of Science",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022321"
}

22. Gleb Vdovin, Oleg Soloviev, Mikhail Loktev and Slava Savenko.
Imaging through turbulence with temporally and spatially multiplexed systems. In Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XIV 8178. 2011, 81780F-81780F-8.
Based on the analysis of factors that influence atmospheric imaging over long turbulent horizontal paths, we consider a number of practical configurations of opto-electronic surveillance systems with optimized performance. Our approach is based on simultaneous quasi real-time processing of a number of images obtained through uncorrelated atmospheric paths, using either temporal or spatial multiplexing. Practical results obtained on a 4.25 km imaging path using newly developed imaging system, based on temporal multiplexing, combined with image restoration based on projection on convex sets, are reported. Potential applications include optical and IR long-range security and military surveillance, unmanned aircraft imaging systems and naval optical imaging and warning systems..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@inproceedings{Vdovin2011a,
title = "Imaging through turbulence with temporally and spatially multiplexed systems",
author = "Vdovin, Gleb and Soloviev, Oleg and Loktev, Mikhail and Savenko, Slava",
booktitle = "Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XIV",
year = 2011,
month = "October 14",
note = "Based on the analysis of factors that influence atmospheric imaging over long turbulent horizontal paths, we consider a number of practical configurations of opto-electronic surveillance systems with optimized performance. Our approach is based on simultaneous quasi real-time processing of a number of images obtained through uncorrelated atmospheric paths, using either temporal or spatial multiplexing. Practical results obtained on a 4.25 km imaging path using newly developed imaging system, based on temporal multiplexing, combined with image restoration based on projection on convex sets, are reported. Potential applications include optical and IR long-range security and military surveillance, unmanned aircraft imaging systems and naval optical imaging and warning systems.",
pages = "81780F-81780F-8",
series = "Proc. SPIE",
volume = 8178,
doi = "10.1117/12.917297",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "+ http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.917297"
}

23. Gleb Vdovin, Oleg Soloviev, Mikhail Loktev, Slava Savenko and Lukasz Dziechciarczyk.
Optimal correction and feedforward control of low-order aberrations with piezoelectric and membrane deformable mirrors. In Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems 8165. 2011, 81650W-81650W-10.
By analysis of the mechanical equations, describing deformable mirrors, we show that the print-through is the natural property of a deformable mirror, which is completely defined by the geometry and mechanics of deformation. The print-through causes increased scattering in imaging applications, and can result in hot/cold spots in laser applications. Further development of adaptive optics for extreme UV applications would also require to address the print-through problem. We describe different ways to reduce, or completely eliminate the print-through in continuous faceplate and membrane deformable mirrors. In combination with simple hysteresis compensation, our approach allows for high-precision feedforward control of these deformable mirrors, directly in terms of Zernike modes..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@inproceedings{Vdovin2011,
title = "Optimal correction and feedforward control of low-order aberrations with piezoelectric and membrane deformable mirrors",
author = "Vdovin, Gleb and Soloviev, Oleg and Loktev, Mikhail and Savenko, Slava and Dziechciarczyk, Lukasz",
booktitle = "Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems",
year = 2011,
month = "September 13",
note = "By analysis of the mechanical equations, describing deformable mirrors, we show that the print-through is the natural property of a deformable mirror, which is completely defined by the geometry and mechanics of deformation. The print-through causes increased scattering in imaging applications, and can result in hot/cold spots in laser applications. Further development of adaptive optics for extreme UV applications would also require to address the print-through problem. We describe different ways to reduce, or completely eliminate the print-through in continuous faceplate and membrane deformable mirrors. In combination with simple hysteresis compensation, our approach allows for high-precision feedforward control of these deformable mirrors, directly in terms of Zernike modes.",
pages = "81650W-81650W-10",
series = "Proc. SPIE",
volume = 8165,
doi = "10.1117/12.893496",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "+ http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.893496"
}

24. Kotaro Okamura and Takayoshi Kobayashi.
Octave-spanning carrier-envelope phase stabilized visible pulse with sub-3-fs pulse duration. Opt. Lett. 36(2):226–228, January 2011.
The visible second harmonic of the idler output from a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier was compressed using adaptive dispersion control with a linear deformable mirror from Flexible Optical B.V. The amplifier was pumped by and seeded in the signal path by a common 400nm second-harmonic pulse from a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier. Thus, both the idler output and the second harmonic of the idler were passively carrier-envelope phase stabilized. The shortest pulse duration achieved was below 3fs..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Okamura2011,
title = "Octave-spanning carrier-envelope phase stabilized visible pulse with sub-3-fs pulse duration",
author = "Kotaro Okamura and Takayoshi Kobayashi",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2011,
month = "Jan",
note = {The visible second harmonic of the idler output from a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier was compressed using adaptive dispersion control with a  linear deformable mirror from Flexible Optical B.V. The amplifier was pumped by and seeded in the signal path by a common 400nm second-harmonic pulse from a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier. Thus, both the idler output and the second harmonic of the idler were passively carrier-envelope phase stabilized. The shortest pulse duration achieved was below 3fs.},
number = 2,
pages = "226--228",
volume = 36,
doi = "10.1364/OL.36.000226",
keywords = "Ultrafast lasers; Nonlinear optics, parametric processes; Ultrafast nonlinear optics; Pulse compression; Lasers, frequency doubled",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-2-226"
}

25. M Loktev, G Vdovin, O Soloviev and S Savenko.
Experiments on speckle imaging using projection methods. In Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems 8165. 2011, 81650M-81650M-10.
We present some experimental results of speckle imaging for near-diffraction-limited observation of ground-based scenery and astronomical objects through atmospheric turbulence. The method of alternating projections onto convex sets is used for iterative reconstruction of the point-spread function (PSF), combined with Wiener filtering for deconvolution and several pre-processing techniques. A modification of the optical system with aperture segmentation is considered. The results of imaging on a horizontal path and astronomical imaging are reported and compared with time averaged and best frame images. Apparent image improvement is demonstrated in a field much wider than the isoplanatic patch size..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@inproceedings{Loktev2011,
title = "Experiments on speckle imaging using projection methods",
author = "Loktev, M. and Vdovin, G. and Soloviev, O. and Savenko, S.",
booktitle = "Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems",
year = 2011,
month = "September 13",
note = "We present some experimental results of speckle imaging for near-diffraction-limited observation of ground-based scenery and astronomical objects through atmospheric turbulence. The method of alternating projections onto convex sets is used for iterative reconstruction of the point-spread function (PSF), combined with Wiener filtering for deconvolution and several pre-processing techniques. A modification of the optical system with aperture segmentation is considered. The results of imaging on a horizontal path and astronomical imaging are reported and compared with time averaged and best frame images. Apparent image improvement is demonstrated in a field much wider than the isoplanatic patch size.",
pages = "81650M-81650M-10",
series = "Proc. SPIE",
volume = 8165,
doi = "10.1117/12.893462",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "+ http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.893462"
}

26. Dominik Walter, Helge Bürsing and Reinhard Ebert.
Emission of spiral patterns from filaments in the infrared. Opt. Express 18(23):24258–24263, November 2010.
The authors investigated the spectral and spatial properties of the supercontinuum emission of single filaments in air in the infrared (1.5 µm - 5.3 µm). The infrared emission of the filament was controlled by modulating the spatial phase of the femtosecond driver pulse with a deformable mirror. Filaments with a characteristic spiral emission pattern in the infrared were generated for a variety of different wavefront profiles of the femtosecond pulse. The properties of this novel class of emission were analyzed more closely. Further understanding of the corresponding emission dynamics of the filament will help to refine current models of filament propagation. The author have used 37-ch 30mm PDM from Flexible Optical B.V..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Walter2010,
title = "Emission of spiral patterns from filaments in the infrared",
author = {Dominik Walter and Helge B\"{u}rsing and Reinhard Ebert},
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2010,
month = "Nov",
note = "The authors investigated the spectral and spatial properties of the supercontinuum emission of single filaments in air in the infrared (1.5 µm - 5.3 µm). The infrared emission of the filament was controlled by modulating the spatial phase of the femtosecond driver pulse with a deformable mirror. Filaments with a characteristic spiral emission pattern in the infrared were generated for a variety of different wavefront profiles of the femtosecond pulse. The properties of this novel class of emission were analyzed more closely. Further understanding of the corresponding emission dynamics of the filament will help to refine current models of filament propagation. The author have used 37-ch 30mm PDM from Flexible Optical B.V.",
number = 23,
pages = "24258--24263",
volume = 18,
doi = "10.1364/OE.18.024258",
keywords = "Self-action effects; Ultrafast nonlinear optics; Pulse shaping",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-23-24258"
}

27. H Song, R Fraanje, G Schitter, H Kroese, G Vdovin and M Verhaegen.
Model-based aberration correction in a closed-loop wavefront-sensor-less adaptive optics system. Opt. Express 18(23):24070–24084, November 2010.
This paper presents an aberration correction approach for WFSless AO systems based on the model of the WFSless AO system and a small number of intensity measurements, where the model is identified from the input-output data of the WFSless AO system by black-box identification. This approach is validated in an experimental setup with 20 static aberrations having Kolmogorov spatial distributions. The setup uses 37-ch PDM from Flexible Optical B.V..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Song2010,
title = "Model-based aberration correction in a closed-loop wavefront-sensor-less adaptive optics system",
author = "H. Song and R. Fraanje and G. Schitter and H. Kroese and G. Vdovin and M. Verhaegen",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2010,
month = "Nov",
note = "This paper presents an aberration correction approach for WFSless AO systems based on the model of the WFSless AO system and a small number of intensity measurements, where the model is identified from the input-output data of the WFSless AO system by black-box identification. This approach is validated in an experimental setup with 20 static aberrations having Kolmogorov spatial distributions. The setup uses 37-ch PDM from Flexible Optical B.V.",
number = 23,
pages = "24070--24084",
volume = 18,
doi = "10.1364/OE.18.024070",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Wave-front sensing; Aberration compensation; Imaging through turbid media",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-23-24070"
}

28. Xiaodong Tao, Hyungsuck Cho and Farrokh Janabi-Sharifi.
Optical design of a variable view imaging system with the combination of a telecentric scanner and double wedge prisms. Appl. Opt. 49(2):239–246, January 2010.
Recent developments in micro-electro-mechanical systems and biotechnology have presented an emerging need for observation of dynamic targets in three-dimensional space. Unfortunately, conventional microscopes with fixed optical parameters have difficulty supplying sufficient vision information because of occlusion, small field of view, and low depth resolution. This paper introduces the design of a variable view imaging system that can supply a flexible view with a relatively large zenith angle and simple kinematics. Because of several performance factors, a multiobjective optimization process is applied to achieve an appropriate design. A prototype system is developed and used to verify the proposed design. The authors have used 37-ch "OKO" deformable mirror..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Tao2010,
title = "Optical design of a variable view imaging system with the combination of a telecentric scanner and double wedge prisms",
author = "Xiaodong Tao and Hyungsuck Cho and Farrokh Janabi-Sharifi",
journal = "Appl. Opt.",
year = 2010,
month = "Jan",
note = {Recent developments in micro-electro-mechanical systems and biotechnology have presented an emerging need for observation of dynamic targets in three-dimensional space. Unfortunately, conventional microscopes with fixed optical parameters have difficulty supplying sufficient vision information because of occlusion, small field of view, and low depth resolution. This paper introduces the design of a variable view imaging system that can supply a flexible view with a relatively large zenith angle and simple kinematics. Because of several performance factors, a multiobjective optimization process is applied to achieve an appropriate design. A prototype system is developed and used to verify the proposed design. The authors have used 37-ch "OKO" deformable mirror.},
number = 2,
pages = "239--246",
volume = 49,
doi = "10.1364/AO.49.000239",
keywords = "Industrial inspection; Imaging systems; Microscopy; Systems design ; Active or adaptive optics; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-49-2-239"
}

29. C M S Corley, Masaki Nagashima and B N Agrawal.
Beam control and a new laboratory testbed for adaptive optics in a maritime environment. In Aerospace Conference, 2010 IEEE. 2010, 1-13.
The Naval Postgraduate School is developing a laboratory environment for testing advanced beam control methods for compensation of atmospheric turbulence in adaptive optics for use in a maritime environment. This paper presents a multichannel transverse adaptive filter for beam control. Adaptive filters are useful for such control due to the constantly changing nature of atmospheric turbulence. A multichannel filter is required due to the multiple deformable mirror input commands and wavefront sensor output measurements in the system. The authors have used 59-ch MMDM from Flexible Optical B.V..
DOI BibTeX

@inproceedings{Corley2010,
title = "Beam control and a new laboratory testbed for adaptive optics in a maritime environment",
author = "Corley, C.M.S. and Nagashima, Masaki and Agrawal, B.N.",
booktitle = "Aerospace Conference, 2010 IEEE",
year = 2010,
note = "The Naval Postgraduate School is developing a laboratory environment for testing advanced beam control methods for compensation of atmospheric turbulence in adaptive optics for use in a maritime environment. This paper presents a multichannel transverse adaptive filter for beam control. Adaptive filters are useful for such control due to the constantly changing nature of atmospheric turbulence. A multichannel filter is required due to the multiple deformable mirror input commands and wavefront sensor output measurements in the system. The authors have used 59-ch MMDM from Flexible Optical B.V.",
pages = "1-13",
doi = "10.1109/AERO.2010.5446710",
issn = "1095-323X",
keywords = "adaptive filters;adaptive optics;atmospheric optics;atmospheric turbulence;liquid crystals;mirrors;optical control;optical filters;optical modulation;wavefront sensors;adaptive optics;advanced beam control method;atmospheric turbulence;integrated bias estimator;laboratory testbed;liquid crystal spatial light modulators;maritime environment;multichannel transverse adaptive filter;multiple deformable mirror;wavefront sensor;Adaptive filters;Adaptive optics;Atmospheric measurements;Atmospheric waves;Liquid crystals;Mirrors;Optical control;Optical filters;Sensor systems;Testing"
}

30. Sem Sem Chin, Karen M Hampson and Edward A H Mallen.
Effect of correction of ocular aberration dynamics on the accommodation response to a sinusoidally moving stimulus. Opt. Lett. 34(21):3274–3276, November 2009.
The authors used an adaptive optics system to correct the aberration dynamics of five subjects while they fixated on a monochromatic stimulus undergoing sinusoidal vergence changes between 1.5 and 2.5 D, at a temporal frequency of 0.2 Hz. The aberrations were measured at 20 Hz using a Shack-Hartmann sensor and corrected using a 37-actuator deformable mirror. The accommodation response (AR) was analyzed in terms of the gain and phase lag. Manipulation of aberrations significantly affected the gain of the AR for only one subject when the odd-order aberrations were corrected. The predictability of the sinusoidal stimulus could account for the lack of an effect in the remaining subjects and conditions. A 37-actuator piezoelectric deformable mirror from Flexible Optical B.V. was used to manipulate the aberrations in real time..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Chin2009,
title = "Effect of correction of ocular aberration dynamics on the accommodation response to a sinusoidally moving stimulus",
author = "Sem Sem Chin and Karen M. Hampson and Edward A. H. Mallen",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2009,
month = "Nov",
note = "The authors used an adaptive optics system to correct the aberration dynamics of five subjects while they fixated on a monochromatic stimulus undergoing sinusoidal vergence changes between 1.5 and 2.5 D, at a temporal frequency of 0.2 Hz. The aberrations were measured at 20 Hz using a Shack-Hartmann sensor and corrected using a 37-actuator deformable mirror. The accommodation response (AR) was analyzed in terms of the gain and phase lag. Manipulation of aberrations significantly affected the gain of the AR for only one subject when the odd-order aberrations were corrected. The predictability of the sinusoidal stimulus could account for the lack of an effect in the remaining subjects and conditions. A 37-actuator piezoelectric deformable mirror from Flexible Optical B.V. was used to manipulate the aberrations in real time.",
number = 21,
pages = "3274--3276",
volume = 34,
doi = "10.1364/OL.34.003274",
keywords = "Visual optics, accommodation ; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-34-21-3274"
}

31. Karen M Hampson, Sem Sem Chin and Edward A Mallen.
Dual wavefront sensing channel monocular adaptive optics system for accommodation studies. Opt. Express 17(20):18229–18240, September 2009.
The authors present an adaptive optics system for investigation of the impact of the eye's aberrations on the dynamic accommodation response. The system uses a 37-channel piezoelectric deformable mirror from Flexible Optical..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Hampson2009,
title = "Dual wavefront sensing channel monocular adaptive optics system for accommodation studies",
author = "Karen M. Hampson and Sem Sem Chin and Edward A. Mallen",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2009,
month = "Sep",
note = "The authors present an adaptive optics system for investigation of the impact of the eye's aberrations on the dynamic accommodation response. The system uses a 37-channel piezoelectric deformable mirror from Flexible Optical.",
number = 20,
pages = "18229--18240",
volume = 17,
doi = "10.1364/OE.17.018229",
keywords = "Visual optics, accommodation ; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-20-18229"
}

32. Jörgen Thaung, Per Knutsson, Zoran Popovic and Mette Owner-Petersen.
Dual-conjugate adaptive optics for wide-field high-resolution retinal imaging. Opt. Express 17(6):4454–4467, March 2009.
The authors present analysis and preliminary laboratory testing of a realtime dual-conjugate adaptive optics instrument for ophthalmology that will enable wide-field high resolution imaging of the retina in vivo. The setup uses two deformable mirrors from Flexible Optical, one conjugate to the pupil and one conjugate to a plane close to the retina..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Thaung2009,
title = "Dual-conjugate adaptive optics for wide-field high-resolution retinal imaging",
author = {J\"{o}rgen Thaung and Per Knutsson and Zoran Popovic and Mette Owner-Petersen},
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2009,
month = "Mar",
note = "The authors present analysis and preliminary laboratory testing of a realtime dual-conjugate adaptive optics instrument for ophthalmology that will enable wide-field high resolution imaging of the retina in vivo. The setup uses two deformable mirrors from Flexible Optical, one conjugate to the pupil and one conjugate to a plane close to the retina.",
number = 6,
pages = "4454--4467",
volume = 17,
doi = "10.1364/OE.17.004454",
keywords = "Vision system - noninvasive assessment ; Ophthalmic optics and devices; Visual optics, modeling ; Visual optics, ophthalmic instrumentation ; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-6-4454"
}

33. Yanan Huang, Jingfang Wan, Ming-Chieh Cheng, Zhipeng Zhang, Sissy M Jhiang and Chia-Hsiang Menq.
Three-axis rapid steering of optically propelled micro/nanoparticles. Review of Scientific Instruments 80(6):063107, 2009.
The authors present the design and implementation of a three-axis steering system, wherein a micro/nanoparticle is optically trapped and propelled to serve as a measurement probe. The system uses a 10-mm deformable mirror from Flexible Optical as an actuator for axial steering..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Huang2009,
title = "Three-axis rapid steering of optically propelled micro/nanoparticles",
author = "Yanan Huang and Jingfang Wan and Ming-Chieh Cheng and Zhipeng Zhang and Sissy M. Jhiang and Chia-Hsiang Menq",
journal = "Review of Scientific Instruments",
year = 2009,
note = "The authors present the design and implementation of a three-axis steering system, wherein a micro/nanoparticle is optically trapped and propelled to serve as a measurement probe. The system uses a 10-mm deformable mirror from Flexible Optical as an actuator for axial steering.",
number = 6,
pages = 063107,
volume = 80,
doi = "10.1063/1.3156838",
eid = 063107,
keywords = "actuators; biological techniques; Brownian motion; cellular biophysics; laser beam applications; mirrors; nanoparticles; radiation pressure",
numpages = 8,
publisher = "AIP",
}

34. Gleb Vdovin, Oleg Soloviev, Alexander Samokhin and Mikhail Loktev.
Correction of low order aberrations using continuous deformable mirrors. Opt. Express 16(5):2859–2866, March 2008.
The authors show that to achieve a high quality correction of low-order aberrations using membrane, bimorph and continuous facesheet mirrors, these mirrors should have sufficient number of actuators positioned outside the correction aperture..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Vdovin2008,
title = "Correction of low order aberrations using continuous deformable mirrors",
author = "Gleb Vdovin and Oleg Soloviev and Alexander Samokhin and Mikhail Loktev",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2008,
month = "Mar",
note = "The authors show that to achieve a high quality correction of low-order aberrations using membrane, bimorph and continuous facesheet mirrors, these mirrors should have sufficient number of actuators positioned outside the correction aperture.",
number = 5,
pages = "2859--2866",
volume = 16,
doi = "10.1364/OE.16.002859",
keywords = "Lasers and laser optics; Aberration compensation; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-5-2859"
}

35. A J Wright, S P Poland, J M Girkin, C W Freudiger, C L Evans and X S Xie.
Adaptive optics for enhanced signal in CARS microscopy. Opt. Express 15(26):18209–18219, December 2007.
The authors report the use of adaptive optics with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy for label-free deep tissue imaging based on molecular vibrational spectroscopy. The setup employs the 15-mm 37-channel deformable membrane mirror and a random search optimization algorithm to improve signal intensity and image quality at large sample depths. The authors demonstrate the ability to correct for both system and sample-induced aberrations in test samples as well as in muscle tissue in order to enhance the CARS signal. The combined system and sample-induced aberration correction increased the signal by an average factor of ~3x for the test samples at a depth of 700 µm and ~6x for muscle tissue at a depth of 260 µm. The enhanced signal and higher penetration depth offered by adaptive optics will augment CARS microscopy as an in vivo and in situ biomedical imaging modality..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Wright2007,
title = "Adaptive optics for enhanced signal in CARS microscopy",
author = "A. J. Wright and S. P. Poland and J. M. Girkin and C. W. Freudiger and C. L. Evans and X. S. Xie",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2007,
month = "Dec",
note = "The authors report the use of adaptive optics with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy for label-free deep tissue imaging based on molecular vibrational spectroscopy. The setup employs the 15-mm 37-channel deformable membrane mirror and a random search optimization algorithm to improve signal intensity and image quality at large sample depths. The authors demonstrate the ability to correct for both system and sample-induced aberrations in test samples as well as in muscle tissue in order to enhance the CARS signal. The combined system and sample-induced aberration correction increased the signal by an average factor of ~3x for the test samples at a depth of 700 µm and ~6x for muscle tissue at a depth of 260 µm. The enhanced signal and higher penetration depth offered by adaptive optics will augment CARS microscopy as an in vivo and in situ biomedical imaging modality.",
number = 26,
pages = "18209--18219",
volume = 15,
doi = "10.1364/OE.15.018209",
keywords = "Medical and biological imaging; Aberration compensation; Spectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering; Nonlinear microscopy; Active or adaptive optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-26-18209"
}

36. Mikhail Loktev, Gleb Vdovin, Nikolai Klimov and Svetlana Kotova.
Liquid crystal wavefront corrector with modal response based on spreading of the electric field in a dielectric material. Opt. Express 15(6):2770–2778, March 2007.
A novel liquid crystal (LC) wavefront corrector with smooth modal influence functions is proposed and realized. The modal character of the response is determined by spreading of the electric field in a thick ceramic substrate. The device implemented is operating in a reflective (mirror) mode; however, similar principles can be used to build a transmissive device..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Loktev2007,
title = "Liquid crystal wavefront corrector with modal response based on spreading of the electric field in a dielectric material",
author = "Mikhail Loktev and Gleb Vdovin and Nikolai Klimov and Svetlana Kotova",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2007,
month = "Mar",
note = "A novel liquid crystal (LC) wavefront corrector with smooth modal influence functions is proposed and realized. The modal character of the response is determined by spreading of the electric field in a thick ceramic substrate. The device implemented is operating in a reflective (mirror) mode; however, similar principles can be used to build a transmissive device.",
number = 6,
pages = "2770--2778",
volume = 15,
doi = "10.1364/OE.15.002770",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Liquid-crystal devices; Spatial light modulators",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-6-2770"
}

37. N A Klimov, S P Kotova, S A Samagin, Yu M Kvashnin, G V Vdovin and Yu M Loktev.
Modal liquid-crystal wavefront corrector on a ceramic substrate: the single-contact approximation. Quantum Electronics 37(12):1169, 2007.
The possibility of manufacturing a multichannel modal liquid-crystal corrector of a new type based on a ceramic substrate with a high permittivity is confirmed theoretically and experimentally. A mathematical model of the single-electrode corrector is proposed and used to study the dependences of the voltage and phase profiles on the properties of the corrector design. The technology of manufacturing a ceramic substrate with built-in electrodes is developed..
URL BibTeX

@article{Klimov2007,
title = "Modal liquid-crystal wavefront corrector on a ceramic substrate: the single-contact approximation",
author = "N A Klimov and S P Kotova and S A Samagin and M Yu Kvashnin and G V Vdovin and M Yu Loktev",
journal = "Quantum Electronics",
year = 2007,
note = "The possibility of manufacturing a multichannel modal liquid-crystal corrector of a new type based on a ceramic substrate with a high permittivity is confirmed theoretically and experimentally. A mathematical model of the single-electrode corrector is proposed and used to study the dependences of the voltage and phase profiles on the properties of the corrector design. The technology of manufacturing a ceramic substrate with built-in electrodes is developed.",
number = 12,
pages = 1169,
volume = 37,
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://stacks.iop.org/1063-7818/37/i=12/a=A21"
}

38. S Campbell, S M F Triphan, R El-Agmy, A H Greenaway and D T Reid.
Direct optimization of femtosecond laser ablation using adaptive wavefront shaping. Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 9(11):1100, 2007.
The authors introduce an approach based on using an iterative simulated annealing algorithm to drive the outcome of femtosecond laser ablation towards a specific target shape by using a two-dimensional deformable mirror by Flexible Optical B.V. Unlike previous work combining adaptive optics and laser machining the authors use the machining outcome itself as the fitness parameter for the optimization procedure. Single-pulse ablation features with programmable aspect ratios and dimensions as small as 2.5 µm are faithfully reproduced by the technique in a chromium-on-glass test sample..
URL BibTeX

@article{Campbell2007,
title = "Direct optimization of femtosecond laser ablation using adaptive wavefront shaping",
author = "S Campbell and S M F Triphan and R El-Agmy and A H Greenaway and D T Reid",
journal = "Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics",
year = 2007,
note = "The authors introduce an approach based on using an iterative simulated annealing algorithm to drive the outcome of femtosecond laser ablation towards a specific target shape by using a two-dimensional deformable mirror by Flexible Optical B.V. Unlike previous work combining adaptive optics and laser machining the authors use the machining outcome itself as the fitness parameter for the optimization procedure. Single-pulse ablation features with programmable aspect ratios and dimensions as small as 2.5 µm are faithfully reproduced by the technique in a chromium-on-glass test sample.",
number = 11,
pages = 1100,
volume = 9,
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://stacks.iop.org/1464-4258/9/i=11/a=022"
}

39. David Merino, Chris Dainty, Adrian Bradu and Adrian Gh. Podoleanu.
Adaptive optics enhanced simultaneous en-face optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Opt. Express 14(8):3345–3353, April 2006.
A novel combination of adaptive optics with a simultaneous en-face OCT/SLO system for high resolution imaging of the in-vivo human retina is presented. The adaptive optics closed loop system uses a 37 actuator OKO membrane deformable mirror..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Merino2006,
title = "Adaptive optics enhanced simultaneous en-face optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy",
author = "David Merino and Chris Dainty and Adrian Bradu and Adrian Gh. Podoleanu",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2006,
month = "Apr",
note = "A novel combination of adaptive optics with a simultaneous en-face OCT/SLO system for high resolution imaging of the in-vivo human retina is presented. The adaptive optics closed loop system uses a 37 actuator OKO membrane deformable mirror.",
number = 8,
pages = "3345--3353",
volume = 14,
doi = "10.1364/OE.14.003345",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Ophthalmic optics and devices ; Optical coherence tomography",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-8-3345"
}

40. Amanda J Wright, Brett A Patterson, Simon P Poland, John M Girkin, Graham M Gibson and Miles J Padgett.
Dynamic closed-loop system for focus tracking using a spatial light modulator and a deformable membrane mirror. Opt. Express 14(1):222–228, January 2006.
A dynamic closed-loop method for focus tracking using a spatial light modulator and a deformable membrane mirror within a confocal microscope is described. A 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies is used..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Wright2006,
title = "Dynamic closed-loop system for focus tracking using a spatial light modulator and a deformable membrane mirror",
author = "Amanda J. Wright and Brett A. Patterson and Simon P. Poland and John M. Girkin and Graham M. Gibson and Miles J. Padgett",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2006,
month = "Jan",
note = "A dynamic closed-loop method for focus tracking using a spatial light modulator and a deformable membrane mirror within a confocal microscope is described. A 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies is used.",
number = 1,
pages = "222--228",
volume = 14,
doi = "10.1364/OPEX.14.000222",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Microscopy; Mirrors; Spatial light modulators",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-1-222"
}

41. Stéphane R Chamot, Chris Dainty and Simone Esposito.
Adaptive optics for ophthalmic applications using a pyramid wavefront sensor. Opt. Express 14(2):518–526, January 2006.
The authors present a new adaptive optics system for the eye using a pyramid wavefront sensor interfaced in closed-loop with a 19-channel piezoelectric deformable mirror from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Chamot2006,
title = "Adaptive optics for ophthalmic applications using a pyramid wavefront sensor",
author = "St\'{e}phane R. Chamot and Chris Dainty and Simone Esposito",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2006,
month = "Jan",
note = "The authors present a new adaptive optics system for the eye using a pyramid wavefront sensor interfaced in closed-loop with a 19-channel piezoelectric deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.",
number = 2,
pages = "518--526",
volume = 14,
doi = "10.1364/OPEX.14.000518",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Vision system - noninvasive assessment ; Ophthalmic optics and devices; Physiological optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-2-518"
}

42. Markus Rueckel, Julia A Mack-Bucher and Winfried Denk.
Adaptive wavefront correction in two-photon microscopy using coherence-gated wavefront sensing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(46):17137-17142, 2006.
The authors demonstrate that resolution and signal size in two-photon microscopy can be substantially improved, even in living biological specimens, by adaptive wavefront correction based on sensing the wavefront of coherence-gated back-scattered light (coherence-gated wavefront sensing, CGWS) and wavefront control by a deformable mirror. A nearly diffraction-limited focus can be restored even for strong aberrations. CGWS-based wavefront correction should be applicable to samples with a wide range of scattering properties and it should be possible to perform real-time pixel-by-pixel correction even at fast scan speeds. The adaptive optics closed loop system uses a 37 actuator OKO membrane deformable mirror..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Rueckel2006,
title = "Adaptive wavefront correction in two-photon microscopy using coherence-gated wavefront sensing",
author = "Rueckel, Markus and Mack-Bucher, Julia A. and Denk, Winfried",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
year = 2006,
note = "The authors demonstrate that resolution and signal size in two-photon microscopy can be substantially improved, even in living biological specimens, by adaptive wavefront correction based on sensing the wavefront of coherence-gated back-scattered light (coherence-gated wavefront sensing, CGWS) and wavefront control by a deformable mirror. A nearly diffraction-limited focus can be restored even for strong aberrations. CGWS-based wavefront correction should be applicable to samples with a wide range of scattering properties and it should be possible to perform real-time pixel-by-pixel correction even at fast scan speeds. The adaptive optics closed loop system uses a 37 actuator OKO membrane deformable mirror.",
number = 46,
pages = "17137-17142",
volume = 103,
doi = "10.1073/pnas.0604791103",
eprint = "http://www.pnas.org/content/103/46/17137.full.pdf+html",
url = "http://www.pnas.org/content/103/46/17137.abstract"
}

43. Oleg Soloviev and Gleb Vdovin.
Hartmann-Shack test with random masks for modal wavefront reconstruction. Opt. Express 13(23):9570–9584, November 2005.
The paper discusses the influence of the geometry of a Hartmann-(Shack) wavefront sensor on the total error of modal wavefront reconstruction..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Soloviev2005,
title = "Hartmann-Shack test with random masks for modal wavefront reconstruction",
author = "Oleg Soloviev and Gleb Vdovin",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2005,
month = "Nov",
note = "The paper discusses the influence of the geometry of a Hartmann-(Shack) wavefront sensor on the total error of modal wavefront reconstruction.",
number = 23,
pages = "9570--9584",
volume = 13,
doi = "10.1364/OPEX.13.009570",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Wave-front sensing",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-23-9570"
}

44. R El-Agmy, H Bulte, A H Greenaway and D Reid.
Adaptive beam profile control using a simulated annealing algorithm. Opt. Express 13(16):6085–6091, August 2005.
The authors present a programmable beam-shaping method based on the combination of a deformable mirror and a simulated annealing algorithm. A 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies is used. The experimental results show that the system is capable of adaptively creating, on demand, Gaussian and super-Gaussian beam profiles that closely match the desired target parameters..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{El-Agmy2005,
title = "Adaptive beam profile control using a simulated annealing algorithm",
author = "R. El-Agmy and H. Bulte and A. H. Greenaway and D. Reid",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2005,
month = "Aug",
note = "The authors present a programmable beam-shaping method based on the combination of a deformable mirror and a simulated annealing algorithm. A 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies is used. The experimental results show that the system is capable of adaptively creating, on demand, Gaussian and super-Gaussian beam profiles that closely match the desired target parameters.",
number = 16,
pages = "6085--6091",
volume = 13,
doi = "10.1364/OPEX.13.006085",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Laser beam shaping; Optical engineering",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-16-6085"
}

45. Eugenie Dalimier and Chris Dainty.
Comparative analysis of deformable mirrors for ocular adaptive optics. Opt. Express 13(11):4275–4285, May 2005.
The authors have evaluated the ability of three commercially available deformable mirrors to compensate the aberrations of the eye. The mirrors evaluated were a 37 actuator membrane mirror and 19 actuator piezo mirror (OKO Technologies) and a 35 actuator bimorph mirror (AOptix Inc)..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Dalimier2005,
title = "Comparative analysis of deformable mirrors for ocular adaptive optics",
author = "Eugenie Dalimier and Chris Dainty",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2005,
month = "May",
note = "The authors have evaluated the ability of three commercially available deformable mirrors to compensate the aberrations of the eye. The mirrors evaluated were a 37 actuator membrane mirror and 19 actuator piezo mirror (OKO Technologies) and a 35 actuator bimorph mirror (AOptix Inc).",
number = 11,
pages = "4275--4285",
volume = 13,
doi = "10.1364/OPEX.13.004275",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Micro-optical devices; Ophthalmic optics and devices",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-11-4275"
}

46. G Vdovin, M Loktev, A Simonov, V Kijko and S Volkov.
Adaptive correction of human-eye aberrations in a subjective feedback loop. Opt. Lett. 30(7):795–797, April 2005.
An adaptive optical system with a subjective feedback loop is used to improve the visual acuity and to determine the aberrations of the human eye. The system is based on a 19-channel piezoelectric deformable mirror from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Vdovin2005,
title = "Adaptive correction of human-eye aberrations in a subjective feedback loop",
author = "G. Vdovin and M. Loktev and A. Simonov and V. Kijko and S. Volkov",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2005,
month = "Apr",
note = "An adaptive optical system with a subjective feedback loop is used to improve the visual acuity and to determine the aberrations of the human eye. The system is based on a 19-channel piezoelectric deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.",
number = 7,
pages = "795--797",
volume = 30,
doi = "10.1364/OL.30.000795",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Ophthalmology; Aberration compensation",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-7-795"
}

47. M Y Loktev.
Modal wavefront correctors based on nematic liquid crystals. TU Delft, 2005.
The thesis is dedicated to investigation and development of modal wavefront correctors based on nematic liquid crystals, including liquid crystal adaptive lenses and multi-element wavefront correctors. The technology is avaliable in OKO Technologies. A free printed copy of the thesis is available by request..
URL BibTeX

@phdthesis{Loktev2005,
title = "Modal wavefront correctors based on nematic liquid crystals",
author = "Loktev, M.Y.",
school = "TU Delft",
year = 2005,
note = "The thesis is dedicated to investigation and development of modal wavefront correctors based on nematic liquid crystals, including liquid crystal adaptive lenses and multi-element wavefront correctors. The technology is avaliable in OKO Technologies. A free printed copy of the thesis is available by request.",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid:5210165d-f011-4cd3-8551-a1374641065d/"
}

48. Jesus Garduño-Mejía, Alan H Greenaway and Derryck T Reid.
Programmable spectral phase control of femtosecond pulses by use of adaptive optics and real-time pulse measurement. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21(4):833–843, April 2004.
The authors describe a programmable spectral-phase, pulse-shaping system for femtosecond pulses based on the 19-channel linear deformable mirror from OKO Technologies. Accurate spectral phase design as well as pulse intensity modulation was achieved with direct control of the mirror surface by use of a negative-feedback, mirror-surface control mode. Convergence to the chosen spectral-phase design was typically achieved within several seconds..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{no-Mejia2004,
title = "Programmable spectral phase control of femtosecond pulses by use of adaptive optics and real-time pulse measurement",
author = "Jesus Gardu\~{n}o-Mej\'{i}a and Alan H. Greenaway and Derryck T. Reid",
journal = "J. Opt. Soc. Am. B",
year = 2004,
month = "Apr",
note = "The authors describe a programmable spectral-phase, pulse-shaping system for femtosecond pulses based on the 19-channel linear deformable mirror from OKO Technologies. Accurate spectral phase design as well as pulse intensity modulation was achieved with direct control of the mirror surface by use of a negative-feedback, mirror-surface control mode. Convergence to the chosen spectral-phase design was typically achieved within several seconds.",
number = 4,
pages = "833--843",
volume = 21,
doi = "10.1364/JOSAB.21.000833",
keywords = "Ultrafast optics; Pulse shaping; Ultrafast measurements",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://josab.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-21-4-833"
}

49. Eirini Theofanidou, Laurence Wilson, William J Hossack and Jochen Arlt.
Spherical aberration correction for optical tweezers. Optics Communications 236(1–3):145 - 150, 2004.
In typical optical tweezers experiments the quality of the trap deteriorates due to optical aberrations caused by the refractive index mismatch at the glass–water interface when trapping deep inside a sample or out of the imaging plane. The authors correct these aberrations using a 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Theofanidou2004,
title = "Spherical aberration correction for optical tweezers",
author = "Eirini Theofanidou and Laurence Wilson and William J. Hossack and Jochen Arlt",
journal = "Optics Communications",
year = 2004,
note = "In typical optical tweezers experiments the quality of the trap deteriorates due to optical aberrations caused by the refractive index mismatch at the glass–water interface when trapping deep inside a sample or out of the imaging plane. The authors correct these aberrations using a 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.",
number = "1–3",
pages = "145 - 150",
volume = 236,
doi = "10.1016/j.optcom.2004.03.009",
issn = "0030-4018",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030401804002500"
}

50. J Garduño-Mejía, A Greenaway and D Reid.
Designer femtosecond pulses using adaptive optics. Opt. Express 11(17):2030–2040, August 2003.
The authors describe a femtosecond pulse shaper using a linear micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{no-Mejia2003,
title = "Designer femtosecond pulses using adaptive optics",
author = "J. Gardu\~{n}o-Mej\'{i}a and A. Greenaway and D. Reid",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2003,
month = "Aug",
note = "The authors describe a femtosecond pulse shaper using a linear micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.",
number = 17,
pages = "2030--2040",
volume = 11,
doi = "10.1364/OE.11.002030",
keywords = "Ultrafast optics; Pulse shaping; Ultrafast measurements",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-11-17-2030"
}

51. Enrique Fernandez and Pablo Artal.
Membrane deformable mirror for adaptive optics: performance limits in visual optics. Opt. Express 11(9):1056–1069, May 2003.
The performance of a membrane deformable mirror with 37 electrodes (OKO Technologies) is studied in order to characterize its utility as an adaptive optics element..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Fernandez2003,
title = "Membrane deformable mirror for adaptive optics: performance limits in visual optics",
author = "Enrique Fernandez and Pablo Artal",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2003,
month = "May",
note = "The performance of a membrane deformable mirror with 37 electrodes (OKO Technologies) is studied in order to characterize its utility as an adaptive optics element.",
number = 9,
pages = "1056--1069",
volume = 11,
doi = "10.1364/OE.11.001056",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Ophthalmic optics and devices; Physiological optics; Optical engineering",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-11-9-1056"
}

52. Gleb Vdovin, Mikhail Loktev and Alexander Naumov.
On the possibility of intraocular adaptive optics. Opt. Express 11(7):810–817, April 2003.
Authors consider the technical possibility of an adaptive contact lens and an adaptive eye lens implant based on the modal liquid crystal wavefront corrector, aimed to correct the accommodation loss and higher-order aberrations of the human eye. The demonstrator is based on a liquid crystal adaptive lens, which is available from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Vdovin2003,
title = "On the possibility of intraocular adaptive optics",
author = "Gleb Vdovin and Mikhail Loktev and Alexander Naumov",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2003,
month = "Apr",
note = "Authors consider the technical possibility of an adaptive contact lens and an adaptive eye lens implant based on the modal liquid crystal wavefront corrector, aimed to correct the accommodation loss and higher-order aberrations of the human eye. The demonstrator is based on a liquid crystal adaptive lens, which is available from OKO Technologies.",
number = 7,
pages = "810--817",
volume = 11,
doi = "10.1364/OE.11.000810",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Ophthalmic optics and devices ; Vision - acuity",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-11-7-810"
}

53. Christoph U Keller, Claude Plymate and S M Ammons.
Low-cost solar adaptive optics in the infrared. In Innovative Telescopes and Instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics 4853. 2003, 351-359.
The authors have developed a low-cost adaptive optics system for solar observations in the infrared. 37-ch 15-mm OKO mirror is used..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@inproceedings{Keller2003,
title = "Low-cost solar adaptive optics in the infrared",
author = "Keller, Christoph U. and Plymate, Claude and Ammons, S. M.",
booktitle = "Innovative Telescopes and Instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics",
year = 2003,
note = "The authors have developed a low-cost adaptive optics system for solar observations in the infrared. 37-ch 15-mm OKO mirror is used.",
pages = "351-359",
series = "Proc. SPIE",
volume = 4853,
comment = "http://www.noao.edu/noao/staff/keller/irao/",
doi = "10.1117/12.460370",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "+ http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.460370"
}

54. D ~C ~L Cheung, T ~H Barnes and T ~G Haskell.
Feedback interferometry with membrane mirror for adaptive optics. Optics Communications 218:33-41, 2003.
Feedback interferometers can be used for many optical measurements as well as aberration correction. The choice of the phase modulator in the interferometer has major influence on the operation of the feedback system. Conventional wisdom is that independent actuator movement is a basic requirement for the modulator in order to allow the feedback system to operate in stable fashion and that membrane mirrors are not suitable. We demonstrate the operation of a feedback interferometer which uses a membrane mirror as the phase modulator. We show that even with the strong coupling introduced by the influence function of the membrane mirror, the feedback system can still operate normally. Our interferometer is based on a radial shearing polarizing Sagnac interferometer. The current system is able to correct static aberration with significant improvement on Strehl ratio..
DOI BibTeX

@article{Cheung2003,
title = "Feedback interferometry with membrane mirror for adaptive optics",
author = "{Cheung}, D.~C.~L. and {Barnes}, T.~H. and {Haskell}, T.~G.",
journal = "Optics Communications",
year = 2003,
month = "",
note = "Feedback interferometers can be used for many optical measurements as well as aberration correction. The choice of the phase modulator in the interferometer has major influence on the operation of the feedback system. Conventional wisdom is that independent actuator movement is a basic requirement for the modulator in order to allow the feedback system to operate in stable fashion and that membrane mirrors are not suitable. We demonstrate the operation of a feedback interferometer which uses a membrane mirror as the phase modulator. We show that even with the strong coupling introduced by the influence function of the membrane mirror, the feedback system can still operate normally. Our interferometer is based on a radial shearing polarizing Sagnac interferometer. The current system is able to correct static aberration with significant improvement on Strehl ratio.",
pages = "33-41",
volume = 218,
adsnote = "Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System",
doi = "10.1016/S0030-4018(03)01188-X"
}

55. S Kotova, M Kvashnin, M Rakhmatulin, O Zayakin, I Guralnik, N Klimov, P Clark, Gordon Love, A Naumov, C Saunter, M Loktev, G Vdovin and L Toporkova.
Modal liquid crystal wavefront corrector. Opt. Express 10(22):1258–1272, November 2002.
Results are presented of the properties of a liquid crystal wavefront corrector for adaptive optics. The technology is avaliable in OKO Technologies by request..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Kotova2002,
title = "Modal liquid crystal wavefront corrector",
author = "S. Kotova and M. Kvashnin and M. Rakhmatulin and O. Zayakin and I. Guralnik and N. Klimov and P. Clark and Gordon Love and A. Naumov and C. Saunter and M. Loktev and G. Vdovin and L. Toporkova",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2002,
month = "Nov",
note = "Results are presented of the properties of a liquid crystal wavefront corrector for adaptive optics. The technology is avaliable in OKO Technologies by request.",
number = 22,
pages = "1258--1272",
volume = 10,
doi = "10.1364/OE.10.001258",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Phase modulation; Electro-optical devices; Modulators; Spatial light modulators; Astronomical optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-10-22-1258"
}

56. Walter Lubeigt, Gareth Valentine, John Girkin, Erwin Bente and David Burns.
Active transverse mode control and optimization of an all-solid-state laser using an intracavity adaptive-optic mirror. Opt. Express 10(13):550–555, July 2002.
A 37 element adaptive optic mirror from OKO Technologies has been used intracavity to control the oscillation mode profile of a diode-laser pumped Nd:YVO4 laser. Mode and power optimisation are demonstrated by closed loop automatic optimisation of the deformable mirror..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Lubeigt2002,
title = "Active transverse mode control and optimization of an all-solid-state laser using an intracavity adaptive-optic mirror",
author = "Walter Lubeigt and Gareth Valentine and John Girkin and Erwin Bente and David Burns",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2002,
month = "Jul",
note = "A 37 element adaptive optic mirror from OKO Technologies has been used intracavity to control the oscillation mode profile of a diode-laser pumped Nd:YVO4 laser. Mode and power optimisation are demonstrated by closed loop automatic optimisation of the deformable mirror.",
number = 13,
pages = "550--555",
volume = 10,
doi = "10.1364/OE.10.000550",
keywords = "Lasers, solid-state; Thermal effects",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-10-13-550"
}

57. Gleb Vdovin and Mikhail Loktev.
Deformable mirror with thermal actuators. Opt. Lett. 27(9):677–679, May 2002.
A novel type of ultralow-cost deformable mirror with thermal actuators is reported. The mirror is available from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Vdovin2002,
title = "Deformable mirror with thermal actuators",
author = "Gleb Vdovin and Mikhail Loktev",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2002,
month = "May",
note = "A novel type of ultralow-cost deformable mirror with thermal actuators is reported. The mirror is available from OKO Technologies.",
number = 9,
pages = "677--679",
volume = 27,
doi = "10.1364/OL.27.000677",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Optical systems; Phase modulation; Mirrors",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-27-9-677"
}

58. S C McQuaide.
Three-dimensional virtual retinal display using a deformable membrane mirror. University of Washington, 2002.
A deformable membrane mirror from OKO Technologies is being used to generate multiple focal planes within a scanned light display, or virtual retinal display (VRD)..
URL BibTeX

@mastersthesis{McQuaide2002a,
title = "Three-dimensional virtual retinal display using a deformable membrane mirror",
author = "S. C. McQuaide",
school = "University of Washington",
year = 2002,
note = "A deformable membrane mirror from OKO Technologies is being used to generate multiple focal planes within a scanned light display, or virtual retinal display (VRD).",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "ftp://ftp.hitl.washington.edu/pub/publications/r-2002-65/r-2002-65.pdf"
}

59. Sarah C McQuaide, Eric J Seibel, Robert Burstein and Thomas A Furness.
Three-dimensional Virtual Retinal Display System using a Deformable Membrane Mirror. SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 33(1):1324–1327, 2002.
A deformable membrane mirror from OKO Technologies is being used to generate multiple focal planes within a scanned light display, or virtual retinal display (VRD)..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{McQuaide2002,
title = "Three-dimensional Virtual Retinal Display System using a Deformable Membrane Mirror",
author = "McQuaide, Sarah C. and Seibel, Eric J. and Burstein, Robert and Furness, Thomas A.",
journal = "SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers",
year = 2002,
note = "A deformable membrane mirror from OKO Technologies is being used to generate multiple focal planes within a scanned light display, or virtual retinal display (VRD).",
number = 1,
pages = "1324--1327",
volume = 33,
doi = "10.1889/1.1830190",
issn = "2168-0159",
publisher = "Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.1830190"
}

60. Michael R Armstrong, Peter Plachta, Evgueni A Ponomarev and R J D Miller.
Versatile 7-fs optical parametric pulse generation and compression by use of adaptive optics. Opt. Lett. 26(15):1152–1154, August 2001.
Authors have compressed the output from a b-barium borate noncollinear optical parametric amplifier to ~7-fs pulse durations, using a micromachined deformable mirror (from OKO Technologies) with an efficient search algorithm..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Armstrong2001,
title = "Versatile 7-fs optical parametric pulse generation and compression by use of adaptive optics",
author = "Michael R. Armstrong and Peter Plachta and Evgueni A. Ponomarev and R. J. D. Miller",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2001,
month = "Aug",
note = "Authors have compressed the output from a b-barium borate noncollinear optical parametric amplifier to ~7-fs pulse durations, using a micromachined deformable mirror (from OKO Technologies) with an efficient search algorithm.",
number = 15,
pages = "1152--1154",
volume = 26,
doi = "10.1364/OL.26.001152",
keywords = "Pulse compression; Ultrafast spectroscopy",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-26-15-1152"
}

61. Gleb Vdovin and Vadim Kiyko.
Intracavity control of a 200-W continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser by a micromachined deformable mirror. Opt. Lett. 26(11):798–800, June 2001.
A silicon micromachined membrane deformable mirror with a diameter of 10 mm, reflectivity of better than 99.8%, and a surface deflection range of 3 mm has been used for intracavity control of an industrial 200-W cw Nd:YAG laser..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Vdovin2001,
title = "Intracavity control of a 200-W continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser by a micromachined deformable mirror",
author = "Gleb Vdovin and Vadim Kiyko",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2001,
month = "Jun",
note = "A silicon micromachined membrane deformable mirror with a diameter of 10 mm, reflectivity of better than 99.8%, and a surface deflection range of 3 mm has been used for intracavity control of an industrial 200-W cw Nd:YAG laser.",
number = 11,
pages = "798--800",
volume = 26,
doi = "10.1364/OL.26.000798",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Laser beam shaping; Lasers, neodymium; Lasers, Q-switched; Optical resonators",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-26-11-798"
}

62. Robert K Tyson and Benjamin West Frazier.
Microelectromechanical System Programmable Aberration Generator for Adaptive Optics. Appl. Opt. 40(13):2063–2067, May 2001.
A 37-actuator micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies was used as a programmable aberration generator..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Tyson2001,
title = "Microelectromechanical System Programmable Aberration Generator for Adaptive Optics",
author = "Robert K. Tyson and Benjamin West Frazier",
journal = "Appl. Opt.",
year = 2001,
month = "May",
note = "A 37-actuator micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies was used as a programmable aberration generator.",
number = 13,
pages = "2063--2067",
volume = 40,
doi = "10.1364/AO.40.002063",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Turbulence; Optoelectronics; Micro-optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-40-13-2063"
}

63. Enrique J Fernández, Ignacio Iglesias and Pablo Artal.
Closed-loop adaptive optics in the human eye. Opt. Lett. 26(10):746–748, May 2001.
Authors demonstrated real-time closed-loop correction of aberrations in the living eye. Defocus is removed by a motorized optometer, and higher-order aberrations are corrected by a membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Fernandez2001,
title = "Closed-loop adaptive optics in the human eye",
author = "Enrique J. Fern\'{a}ndez and Ignacio Iglesias and Pablo Artal",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2001,
month = "May",
note = "Authors demonstrated real-time closed-loop correction of aberrations in the living eye. Defocus is removed by a motorized optometer, and higher-order aberrations are corrected by a membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.",
number = 10,
pages = "746--748",
volume = 26,
doi = "10.1364/OL.26.000746",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Ophthalmic optics and devices; Physiological optics",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-26-10-746"
}

64. Harold Dyson, Ray Sharples, N Dipper and Gleb Vdovin.
Cryogenic wavefront correction using membrane deformable mirrors. Opt. Express 8(1):17–26, January 2001.
Micro-machined membrane deformable mirrors (MMDMs) are being evaluated for their suitability as wavefront correctors at cryogenic temperatures. Presented here are experimental results for the change in the initial mirror figure of 37-channel MMDMs from OKO Technologies upon cooling to T=78K. The changes in the influence functions are also explored. Of the sample of 3 mirrors tested, one was found to have sufficiently small initial static aberrations to be useful as a wavefront corrector at this temperature. The influence functions at T=78K were found to be similar in shape to both those at room temperature and theoretical predictions of the MMDMs surface shape. The magnitude of the surface deflection at T=78K was reduced by around 20% compared with room temperature values..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Dyson2001,
title = "Cryogenic wavefront correction using membrane deformable mirrors",
author = "Harold Dyson and Ray Sharples and N. Dipper and Gleb Vdovin",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2001,
month = "Jan",
note = "Micro-machined membrane deformable mirrors (MMDMs) are being evaluated for their suitability as wavefront correctors at cryogenic temperatures. Presented here are experimental results for the change in the initial mirror figure of 37-channel MMDMs from OKO Technologies upon cooling to T=78K. The changes in the influence functions are also explored. Of the sample of 3 mirrors tested, one was found to have sufficiently small initial static aberrations to be useful as a wavefront corrector at this temperature. The influence functions at T=78K were found to be similar in shape to both those at room temperature and theoretical predictions of the MMDMs surface shape. The magnitude of the surface deflection at T=78K was reduced by around 20% compared with room temperature values.",
number = 1,
pages = "17--26",
volume = 8,
doi = "10.1364/OE.8.000017",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Aberration compensation",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-8-1-17"
}

65. Mikhail Loktev, Davies William De Lima Monteiro and Gleb Vdovin.
Comparison study of the performance of piston, thin plate and membrane mirrors for correction of turbulence-induced phase distortions. Optics Communications 192(1–2):91 - 99, 2001.
In the framework of the Kolmogorov turbulence model and analytical and numerical models of deformable mirrors, the authors investigated and intercompared the correction performances of piston, membrane and flexible faceplate (with either free edge, supported edge or clamped edge) adaptive mirrors featuring orthogonal, hexagonal and segmented ring actuator structures..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Loktev2001,
title = "Comparison study of the performance of piston, thin plate and membrane mirrors for correction of turbulence-induced phase distortions",
author = "Mikhail Loktev and Davies William De Lima Monteiro and Gleb Vdovin",
journal = "Optics Communications",
year = 2001,
note = "In the framework of the Kolmogorov turbulence model and analytical and numerical models of deformable mirrors, the authors investigated and intercompared the correction performances of piston, membrane and flexible faceplate (with either free edge, supported edge or clamped edge) adaptive mirrors featuring orthogonal, hexagonal and segmented ring actuator structures.",
number = "1–2",
pages = "91 - 99",
volume = 192,
doi = "10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01149-X",
issn = "0030-4018",
keywords = "Adaptive and segmented optics",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003040180101149X"
}

66. C Paterson and J C Dainty.
Hybrid curvature and gradient wave-front sensor. Opt. Lett. 25(23):1687–1689, December 2000.
Authors proposed a new wave-front sensor for adaptive optics that gives signals for the curvature and the two gradient components of the wave front simultaneously. The performance of such a sensor used in conjunction with a micromachined membrane deformable mirror (from OKO Technologies) is considered..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Paterson2000a,
title = "Hybrid curvature and gradient wave-front sensor",
author = "C. Paterson and J. C. Dainty",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2000,
month = "Dec",
note = "Authors proposed a new wave-front sensor for adaptive optics that gives signals for the curvature and the two gradient components of the wave front simultaneously. The performance of such a sensor used in conjunction with a micromachined membrane deformable mirror (from OKO Technologies) is considered.",
number = 23,
pages = "1687--1689",
volume = 25,
doi = "10.1364/OL.25.001687",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Wave-front sensing",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-25-23-1687"
}

67. E Zeek, R Bartels, M M Murnane, H C Kapteyn, S Backus and G Vdovin.
Adaptive pulse compression for transform-limited 15-fs high-energy pulse generation. Opt. Lett. 25(8):587–589, April 2000.
Authors demonstrate the use of a pulse shaper based on OKO's micromachined membrane deformable mirror to correct high-order residual phase aberrations in a 1-mJ, 1-kHz, 15-fs laser amplif ier..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Zeek2000,
title = "Adaptive pulse compression for transform-limited 15-fs high-energy pulse generation",
author = "E. Zeek and R. Bartels and M. M. Murnane and H. C. Kapteyn and S. Backus and G. Vdovin",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2000,
month = "Apr",
note = "Authors demonstrate the use of a pulse shaper based on OKO's micromachined membrane deformable mirror to correct high-order residual phase aberrations in a 1-mJ, 1-kHz, 15-fs laser amplif ier.",
number = 8,
pages = "587--589",
volume = 25,
doi = "10.1364/OL.25.000587",
keywords = "Lasers, titanium; Ultrafast lasers; Pulse compression; Pulse shaping",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-25-8-587"
}

68. Carl Paterson, I Munro and J Dainty.
A low cost adaptive optics system using a membrane mirror. Opt. Express 6(9):175–185, April 2000.
A low cost adaptive optics system is presented. The system uses a 37 actuator membrane mirror (from OKO Technologies) and operates at frame rates up to 800 Hz using a single processor..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Paterson2000,
title = "A low cost adaptive optics system using a membrane mirror",
author = "Carl Paterson and I. Munro and J. Dainty",
journal = "Opt. Express",
year = 2000,
month = "Apr",
note = "A low cost adaptive optics system is presented. The system uses a 37 actuator membrane mirror (from OKO Technologies) and operates at frame rates up to 800 Hz using a single processor.",
number = 9,
pages = "175--185",
volume = 6,
doi = "10.1364/OE.6.000175",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Atmospheric turbulence",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-6-9-175"
}

69. R Bartels, S Backus, E Zeek, L Misoguti, G Vdovin, I P Christov, M M Murnane and H C Kapteyn.
Shaped-pulse optimization of coherent emission of high-harmonic soft X-rays. Nature 406(6792):164-166, 2000.
The technique of pulse compression was applied to generation of coherent soft X-ray beams. The pulse-shaping apparatus was based on a micromachined deformable mirror from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Bartels2000,
title = "Shaped-pulse optimization of coherent emission of high-harmonic soft X-rays",
author = "R. Bartels and S. Backus and E. Zeek and L. Misoguti and G. Vdovin and I. P. Christov and M. M. Murnane and H. C. Kapteyn",
journal = "Nature",
year = 2000,
note = "The technique of pulse compression was applied to generation of coherent soft X-ray beams. The pulse-shaping apparatus was based on a micromachined deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.",
number = 6792,
pages = "164-166",
volume = 406,
doi = "10.1038/35018029",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35018029"
}

70. O Albert, L Sherman, G Mourou, T B Norris and G Vdovin.
Smart microscope: an adaptive optics learning system for aberration correction in multiphoton confocal microscopy. Opt. Lett. 25(1):52–54, January 2000.
Off-axis aberrations in a beam-scanning multiphoton confocal microscope are corrected with a deformable mirror from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Albert2000,
title = "Smart microscope: an adaptive optics learning system for aberration correction in multiphoton confocal microscopy",
author = "O. Albert and L. Sherman and G. Mourou and T. B. Norris and G. Vdovin",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 2000,
month = "Jan",
note = "Off-axis aberrations in a beam-scanning multiphoton confocal microscope are corrected with a deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.",
number = 1,
pages = "52--54",
volume = 25,
doi = "10.1364/OL.25.000052",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Confocal microscopy; Ultrafast technology; Fluorescence microscopy; Scanning microscopy",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-25-1-52"
}

71. Yu. M Loktev, V N Belopukhov, F L Vladimirov, G V Vdovin, G D Love and A F Naumov.
Wave front control systems based on modal liquid crystal lenses. Review of Scientific Instruments 71(9):3290-3297, 2000.
Authors describe electro-optical systems for adaptive focusing of linearly polarized light. The systems are based on liquid crystal adaptive lenses, which are commercially available from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Loktev2000,
title = "Wave front control systems based on modal liquid crystal lenses",
author = "M. Yu. Loktev and V. N. Belopukhov and F. L. Vladimirov and G. V. Vdovin and G. D. Love and A. F. Naumov",
journal = "Review of Scientific Instruments",
year = 2000,
note = "Authors describe electro-optical systems for adaptive focusing of linearly polarized light. The systems are based on liquid crystal adaptive lenses, which are commercially available from OKO Technologies.",
number = 9,
pages = "3290-3297",
volume = 71,
doi = "10.1063/1.1288256",
keywords = "adaptive optics; optical focusing; aberrations; lenses; liquid crystal devices; optical variables control",
publisher = "AIP",
}

72. Lijun Zhu, Pang-Chen Sun, Dirk-Uwe Bartsch, William R Freeman and Yeshaiahu Fainman.
Wave-front generation of Zernike polynomial modes with a micromachined membrane deformable mirror. Appl. Opt. 38(28):6019–6026, October 1999.
Authors investigate the characteristics of a 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror (from OKO Technologies) for wave-front generation. They demonstrate wave-front generation of the first 20 Zernike polynomial modes..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Zhu1999b,
title = "Wave-front generation of Zernike polynomial modes with a micromachined membrane deformable mirror",
author = "Lijun Zhu and Pang-Chen Sun and Dirk-Uwe Bartsch and William R. Freeman and Yeshaiahu Fainman",
journal = "Appl. Opt.",
year = 1999,
month = "Oct",
note = "Authors investigate the characteristics of a 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror (from OKO Technologies) for wave-front generation. They demonstrate wave-front generation of the first 20 Zernike polynomial modes.",
number = 28,
pages = "6019--6026",
volume = 38,
doi = "10.1364/AO.38.006019",
keywords = "Aberration compensation; Mirrors; Spatial light modulators",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-38-28-6019"
}

73. Lijun Zhu, Pang-Chen Sun and Yeshaiahu Fainman.
Aberration-Free Dynamic Focusing with a Multichannel Micromachined Membrane Deformable Mirror. Appl. Opt. 38(25):5350–5354, September 1999.
Aberration-free dynamic focusing was demonstrated with a low-cost 19-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Zhu1999a,
title = "Aberration-Free Dynamic Focusing with a Multichannel Micromachined Membrane Deformable Mirror",
author = "Lijun Zhu and Pang-Chen Sun and Yeshaiahu Fainman",
journal = "Appl. Opt.",
year = 1999,
month = "Sep",
note = "Aberration-free dynamic focusing was demonstrated with a low-cost 19-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.",
number = 25,
pages = "5350--5354",
volume = 38,
doi = "10.1364/AO.38.005350",
keywords = "Imaging systems; Mirrors",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-38-25-5350"
}

74. Erik Zeek, Kira Maginnis, Sterling Backus, Ulrich Russek, Margaret Murnane, Gérard Mourou, Henry Kapteyn and Gleb Vdovin.
Pulse compression by use of deformable mirrors. Opt. Lett. 24(7):493–495, April 1999.
An electrostatically deformable, gold-coated, silicon nitride membrane mirror was used as a phase modulator to compress pulses from 92 to 15 fs. Both an iterative genetic algorithm and single-step dispersion compensation based on frequency-resolved optical gating calibration of the mirror were used to compress pulses to within 10% of the transform limit. Frequency-resolved optical gating was used to characterize the pulses and to test the range of the deformable-mirror-based compressor..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Zeek1999,
title = "Pulse compression by use of deformable mirrors",
author = "Erik Zeek and Kira Maginnis and Sterling Backus and Ulrich Russek and Margaret Murnane and G\'{e}rard Mourou and Henry Kapteyn and Gleb Vdovin",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 1999,
month = "Apr",
note = "An electrostatically deformable, gold-coated, silicon nitride membrane mirror was used as a phase modulator to compress pulses from 92 to 15 fs. Both an iterative genetic algorithm and single-step dispersion compensation based on frequency-resolved optical gating calibration of the mirror were used to compress pulses to within 10\% of the transform limit. Frequency-resolved optical gating was used to characterize the pulses and to test the range of the deformable-mirror-based compressor.",
number = 7,
pages = "493--495",
volume = 24,
doi = "10.1364/OL.24.000493",
keywords = "Phase modulation; Mirrors; Pulse compression",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-24-7-493"
}

75. Lijun Zhu, Pang-Chen Sun, Dirk-Uwe Bartsch, William R Freeman and Yeshaiahu Fainman.
Adaptive Control of a Micromachined Continuous-Membrane Deformable Mirror for Aberration Compensation. Appl. Opt. 38(1):168–176, January 1999.
An adaptive experimental system to compensate for the wave-front aberrations of a model eye has been built in which a 19-channel micromachined deformable mirror from OKO Technologies was used..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Zhu1999,
title = "Adaptive Control of a Micromachined Continuous-Membrane Deformable Mirror for Aberration Compensation",
author = "Lijun Zhu and Pang-Chen Sun and Dirk-Uwe Bartsch and William R. Freeman and Yeshaiahu Fainman",
journal = "Appl. Opt.",
year = 1999,
month = "Jan",
note = "An adaptive experimental system to compensate for the wave-front aberrations of a model eye has been built in which a 19-channel micromachined deformable mirror from OKO Technologies was used.",
number = 1,
pages = "168--176",
volume = 38,
doi = "10.1364/AO.38.000168",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Imaging systems; Aberration compensation; Mirrors",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-38-1-168"
}

76. Gleb V Vdovin, Nicolas Kugler and Martin Schacht.
Membrane deformable mirrors under CW laser load. In Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology 3762. 1999, 58-66.
Behavior of micromachined membrane deformable mirrors from OKO Technologies under continuous laser load has been investigated experimentally and theoretically..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@inproceedings{Vdovin1999,
title = "Membrane deformable mirrors under {CW} laser load",
author = "Vdovin, Gleb V. and Kugler, Nicolas and Schacht, Martin",
booktitle = "Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology",
year = 1999,
month = "September 27",
note = "Behavior of micromachined membrane deformable mirrors from OKO Technologies under continuous laser load has been investigated experimentally and theoretically.",
pages = "58-66",
series = "Proc. SPIE",
volume = 3762,
doi = "10.1117/12.363601",
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "+ http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.363601"
}

77. Alexander F Naumov and Gleb Vdovin.
Multichannel liquid-crystal-based wave-front corrector with modal influence functions. Opt. Lett. 23(19):1550–1552, October 1998.
Authors report on a multichannel liquid-crystal-based wave-front corrector with smooth modal influence functions. The technology is avaliable in OKO Technologies by request..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Naumov1998a,
title = "Multichannel liquid-crystal-based wave-front corrector with modal influence functions",
author = "Alexander F. Naumov and Gleb Vdovin",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 1998,
month = "Oct",
note = "Authors report on a multichannel liquid-crystal-based wave-front corrector with smooth modal influence functions. The technology is avaliable in OKO Technologies by request.",
number = 19,
pages = "1550--1552",
volume = 23,
doi = "10.1364/OL.23.001550",
keywords = "Wave-front sensing; Apertures",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-23-19-1550"
}

78. A F Naumov, Yu. M Loktev, I R Guralnik and G Vdovin.
Liquid-crystal adaptive lenses with modal control. Opt. Lett. 23(13):992–994, July 1998.
Authors report on a novel approach to the realization of nematic liquid-crystal (LC) cylindrical and spherical lenses. The lenses are available from OKO Technologies..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Naumov1998,
title = "Liquid-crystal adaptive lenses with modal control",
author = "A. F. Naumov and M. Yu. Loktev and I. R. Guralnik and G. Vdovin",
journal = "Opt. Lett.",
year = 1998,
month = "Jul",
note = "Authors report on a novel approach to the realization of nematic liquid-crystal (LC) cylindrical and spherical lenses. The lenses are available from OKO Technologies.",
number = 13,
pages = "992--994",
volume = 23,
doi = "10.1364/OL.23.000992",
keywords = "Active or adaptive optics; Liquid crystals; Lens system design",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-23-13-992"
}

79. F Druon, G Cheraux, J Faure, J Nees, Maksimchuk A M. Nantel, G Mourou, J C Chanteloup and G Vdovin.
Wave-frontcorrection of femtosecond terawatt lasers by deformable mirrors. Optics Letters 23:1043, 1998.
BibTeX

@article{Druon1998,
title = "Wave-frontcorrection of femtosecond terawatt lasers by deformable mirrors",
author = "F. Druon and G. Cheraux and J. Faure and J. Nees and M. Nantel, A. Maksimchuk and G. Mourou and J.C. Chanteloup and G. Vdovin",
journal = "Optics Letters",
year = 1998,
pages = 1043,
volume = 23,
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.05.23"
}

80. Gleb Vdovin.
Reconstruction of an object shape from the near-field intensity of areflected paraxial beam. Appl. Opt. 36(22):5508–5513, August 1997.
Experimental reconstruction of an object shape from the near-field intensity of reflected or transmitted light is reported. The method of reconstruction is based on the direct numerical solution of the finite difference representation of the paraxial irradiance-transport equation..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Vdovin1997,
title = "Reconstruction of an object shape from the near-field intensity of areflected paraxial beam",
author = "Gleb Vdovin",
journal = "Appl. Opt.",
year = 1997,
month = "Aug",
note = "Experimental reconstruction of an object shape from the near-field intensity of reflected or transmitted light is reported. The method of reconstruction is based on the direct numerical solution of the finite difference representation of the paraxial irradiance-transport equation.",
number = 22,
pages = "5508--5513",
volume = 36,
doi = "10.1364/AO.36.005508",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-36-22-5508"
}

81. G V Vdovin, Simon Middelhoek and Pasqualina M Sarro.
Technology and applications of micromachined silicon adaptive mirrors. Optical Engineering 36:1382, 1997.
BibTeX

@article{Vdovin1997a,
title = "Technology and applications of micromachined silicon adaptive mirrors",
author = "G.V. Vdovin and Simon Middelhoek and Pasqualina M. Sarro",
journal = "Optical Engineering",
year = 1997,
pages = 1382,
volume = 36,
owner = "oleg",
timestamp = "2013.05.23"
}

82. Gleb Vdovin and P M Sarro.
Flexible mirror micromachined in silicon. Appl. Opt. 34(16):2968–2972, June 1995.
One of the first publications on the technology of micromachined membrane deformable mirrors (MMDMs)..
URL, DOI BibTeX

@article{Vdovin1995,
title = "Flexible mirror micromachined in silicon",
author = "Gleb Vdovin and P. M. Sarro",
journal = "Appl. Opt.",
year = 1995,
month = "Jun",
note = "One of the first publications on the technology of micromachined membrane deformable mirrors (MMDMs).",
number = 16,
pages = "2968--2972",
volume = 34,
doi = "10.1364/AO.34.002968",
owner = "oleg",
publisher = "OSA",
timestamp = "2013.04.12",
url = "http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-34-16-2968"
}