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Correction of low order aberrations using continuous deformable mirrors
- The authors show that to achieve a high quality correction of low-order aberrations using membrane, bimorph and continuous facesheet mirrors, these mirrors should have sufficient number of actuators positioned outside the correction aperture.
Optics Express 16, 2859-2866 (2008) - Author(s): G. Vdovin, O. Soloviev, A. Samokhin, M. Loktev
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Modal liquid-crystal wavefront corrector on a ceramic substrate: the single-contact approximation
- The possibility of manufacturing a multichannel modal liquid-crystal corrector of a new type based on a ceramic substrate with a high permittivity is confirmed theoretically and experimentally. A mathematical model of the single-electrode corrector is proposed and used to study the dependences of the voltage and phase profiles on the properties of the corrector design. The technology of manufacturing a ceramic substrate with built-in electrodes is developed.
Quantum Electronics 37, 1169-1175 (2007) - Author(s): N. A. Klimov, S. P. Kotova, S. A. Samagin, M. Y. Kvashnin, G. V. Vdovin, M. Y. Loktev
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Adaptive optics for enhanced signal in CARS microscopy
- The authors report the use of adaptive optics with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy for label-free deep tissue imaging based on molecular vibrational spectroscopy. The setup employs the 15-mm 37-channel deformable membrane mirror and a random search optimization algorithm to improve signal intensity and image quality at large sample depths. The authors demonstrate the ability to correct for both system and sample-induced aberrations in test samples as well as in muscle tissue in order to enhance the CARS signal. The combined system and sample-induced aberration correction increased the signal by an average factor of ~3x for the test samples at a depth of 700 µm and ~6x for muscle tissue at a depth of 260 µm. The enhanced signal and higher penetration depth offered by adaptive optics will augment CARS microscopy as an in vivo and in situ biomedical imaging modality.
Opt. Express 15, 18209-18219 (2007) - Author(s): A. J. Wright, S. P. Poland, J. M. Girkin, C. W. Freudiger, C. L. Evans, and X. S. Xie
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Direct optimization of femtosecond laser ablation using adaptive wavefront shaping
- The athors introduce an approach based on using an iterative simulated annealing algorithm to drive the outcome of femtosecond laser ablation towards a specific target shape by using a two-dimensional deformable mirror by Flexible Optical B.V. Unlike previous work combining adaptive optics and laser machining the autors use the machining outcome itself as the fitness parameter for the optimization procedure. Single-pulse ablation features with programmable aspect ratios and dimensions as small as 2.5 ?m are faithfully reproduced by the technique in a chromium-on-glass test sample.
J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 9, 1100-1104 (2007)
- Author(s): S. Campbell, S.M.F. Triphan, R. El-Agmy, A.H. Greenaway and D.T. Reid
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Liquid crystal wavefront corrector with modal response based on spreading of the electric field in a dielectric material
- A novel liquid crystal (LC) wavefront corrector with smooth
modal influence functions is proposed and realized. The modal character
of the response is determined by spreading of the electric field in a
thick ceramic substrate. The device implemented is operating in a
reflective (mirror) mode; however, similar principles can be used to
build a transmissive device.
Optics Express 15, 2770-2778 (2007)
- Author(s): M. Loktev, G. Vdovin, N. Klimov, S. Kotova
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Adaptive wavefront correction in two-photon microscopy using coherence-gated wavefront sensing The authors demonstrate that resolution and signal size in two-photon microcopy can be substantially improved, even in living biological specimens, by adaptive wavefront correction based on sensing the wavefront of coherence-gated backscattered light (coherence-gated wavefront sensing, CGWS) and wavefront control by a deformable mirror. A nearly diffraction-limited focus can be restored even for strong aberrations. CGWS-based wavefront correction should be applicable to samples with a wide range of scattering properties and it should be possible to perform real-time pixel-by-pixel correction even at fast scan speeds. The adaptive optics closed loop system uses a 37 actuator OKO membrane deformable mirror.
PNAS 103 , 17137-17142 (2006)Author(s): Markus Rueckel, Julia A. Mack-Bucher, and Winfried Denk Download Adaptive optics enhanced simultaneous en-face optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopyA novel combination of adaptive optics with a simultaneous en-face OCT/SLO system for high resolution imaging of the in-vivo human retina is presented. The adaptive optics closed loop system uses a 37 actuator OKO membrane deformable mirror.
Optics Express 14, 3345-3353 (2006) Author(s): D. Merino, C. Dainty, A. Bradu, A. G. Podoleanu Download
Adaptive optics for ophthalmic applications using a pyramid wavefront sensor
The authors present a new adaptive optics system for the eye using a pyramid wavefront sensor interfaced in closed-loop with a 19-channel piezoelectric deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.
Optics Express 14, 518-526 (2006)
Author(s): S. R. Chamot, C. Dainty, S. Esposito Download
Dynamic closed-loop system for focus tracking using a spatial light modulator and a deformable membrane mirror
A dynamic closed-loop method for focus tracking using a spatial light modulator and a deformable membrane mirror within a confocal microscope is described. A 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies is used.
Optics Express 14, 222-228 (2006) Author(s): A. J. Wright, B. A. Patterson, S. P. Poland, J. M. Girkin, G. M. Gibson, M. J. Padgett Download
Hartmann-Shack test with random masks for modal wavefront reconstruction
The paper discusses the influence of the geometry of a Hartmann-(Shack) wavefront sensor on the total error of modal wavefront reconstruction.
Optics Express 13, 9570-9584 (2005) Author(s): O. Soloviev, G. Vdovin Download
Adaptive beam profile control using a simulated annealing algorithm
The authors present a programmable beam-shaping method based on the combination of a deformable mirror and a simulated annealing algorithm. A 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies is used. The experimental results show that the system is capable of adaptively creating, on demand, Gaussian and super-Gaussian beam profiles that closely match the desired target parameters.
Optics Express 13, 6085-6091 (2005) Author(s): R. El-Agmy, H. Bulte, A. H. Greenaway, D. T. Reid Download
Comparative analysis of deformable mirrors for ocular adaptive optics
The authors have evaluated the ability of three commercially available deformable mirrors to compensate the aberrations of the eye. The mirrors evaluated were a 37 actuator membrane mirror and 19 actuator piezo mirror (OKO Technologies) and a 35 actuator bimorph mirror (AOptix Inc).
Optics Express 13, 4275-4285 (2005)
Author(s): E. Dalimier, C. Dainty Download
Modal wavefront correctors based on nematic liquid crystals
The thesis is dedicated to investigation and development of modal wavefront correctors based on nematic liquid crystals, including liquid crystal adaptive lenses and multi-element wavefront correctors. The technology is avaliable in OKO Technologies. A free printed copy of the thesis is available by request.
PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology (2005)
Author(s): M. Loktev Download
Adaptive correction of human-eye aberrations in a subjective feedback loop
An adaptive optical system with a subjective feedback loop is used to improve the visual acuity and to determine the aberrations of the human eye. The system is based on a 19-channel piezoelectric deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.
Optics Letters 30, 795-797 (2005)
Author(s): G. Vdovin, M. Loktev, A. Simonov, V. Kijko, S. Volkov Download
Programmable spectral phase control of femtosecond pulses by use of adaptive optics and real-time pulse measurement
The authors describe a programmable spectral-phase, pulse-shaping system for femtosecond pulses based on the 19-channel linear deformable mirror from OKO Technologies. Accurate spectral phase design as well as pulse intensity modulation was achieved with direct control of the mirror surface by use of a negative-feedback, mirror-surface control mode. Convergence to the chosen spectral-phase design was typically achieved within several seconds.
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 21, 4, 833–843 (2004)
Author(s): J. Garduño-Mejía, A. H. Greenaway, D. T. Reid Download
Spherical aberration correction for optical tweezers
In typical optical tweezers experiments the quality of the trap deteriorates due to optical aberrations caused by the refractive index mismatch at the glass–water interface when trapping deep inside a sample or out of the imaging plane. The authors correct these aberrations using a 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.
Optics Communications 236, 145–150 (2004)
Author(s): E. Theofanidou, L. Wilson, W. J. Hossack, J. Arlt Download
Designer femtosecond pulses using adaptive optics
The authors describe a femtosecond pulse shaper using a linear micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.
Optics Express 11, 2030-2040 (2003)
Author(s): J. Garduño-Mejía, A. H. Greenaway, D. T. Reid Download
On the possibility of intraocular adaptive optics
Authors consider the technical possibility of an adaptive contact lens and an adaptive eye lens implant based on the modal liquid crystal wavefront corrector, aimed to correct the accommodation loss and higher-order aberrations of the human eye. The demonstrator is based on a liquid crystal adaptive lens, which is available from OKO Technologies.
Optics Express 11, 810-817 (2003)
Author(s): G. Vdovin, M. Loktev, A. Naumov Download
Three-dimensional virtual retinal display system using a deformable membrane mirror
A deformable membrane mirror from OKO Technologies is being used to generate multiple focal planes within a scanned light display, or virtual retinal display (VRD).
SID 02 Digest 50.4 (2002) Author(s): S. C. McQuaide, E. J. Seibel, R. Burstein, T. A. Furness III Download
Three-dimensional virtual retinal display using a deformable membrane mirror
A deformable membrane mirror from OKO Technologies is being used to generate multiple focal planes within a scanned light display, or virtual retinal display (VRD).
MSc Thesis, University of Washington (2002)
Author(s): S. C. McQuaide Download
Modal liquid crystal wavefront corrector
Results are presented of the properties of a liquid crystal wavefront corrector for adaptive optics. The technology is avaliable in OKO Technologies by request.
Optics Express 10, 1258-1272 (2002) Author(s): S. P. Kotova, M. Y. Kvashnin, M. A. Rakhmatulin, O. A. Zayakin, I. R. Guralnik, N. A. Klimov, P. Clark, G. D. Love, A. F. Naumov, C. D. Saunter, M. Y. Loktev, G. V. Vdovin, L. V. Toporkova Download
Deformable mirror with thermal actuators
A novel type of ultralow-cost deformable mirror with thermal actuators is reported. The mirror is available from OKO Technologies.
Optics Letters 27, 677-679 (2002) Author(s): G. Vdovin, M. Loktev Download
Active transverse mode control and optimisation of an all-solid-state laser using an intracavity adaptive-optic mirror
A 37 element adaptive optic mirror from OKO Technologies has been used intracavity to control the oscillation mode profile of a diode-laser pumped Nd:YVO4 laser. Mode and power optimisation are demonstrated by closed loop automatic optimisation of the deformable mirror.
Optics Express 10, 550-555 (2002)
Author(s): W. Lubeigt, G. Valentine, J. Girkin, E. Bente, D. Burns Download
Comparison study of the performance of piston, thin plate and membrane mirrors for correction of turbulence-induced phase distortions
In the framework of the Kolmogorov turbulence model and analytical and numerical models of deformable mirrors, the authors investigated and intercompared the correction performances of piston, membrane and flexible faceplate (with either free edge, supported edge or clamped edge) adaptive mirrors featuring orthogonal, hexagonal and segmented ring actuator structures.
Optics Communications 192, 91-99 (2001) Author(s): M. Loktev, D. W. De Lima Monteiro, G. Vdovin Download
Microelectromechanical system programmable aberration generator for adaptive optics
A 37-actuator micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies was used as a programmable aberration generator.
Applied Optics 40, 2063-2067 (2001) Author(s): R. K. Tyson, B. W. Frazier Download
Intracavity control of a 200-W continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser by a micromachined deformable mirror
A silicon micromachined membrane deformable mirror with a diameter of 10 mm, reflectivity of better than 99.8%, and a surface deflection range of 3 mm has been used for intracavity control of an industrial 200-W cw Nd:YAG laser.
Optics Letters 26, 798-800 (2001) Author(s): G. Vdovin, V. Kiyko Download
Versatile 7-fs optical parametric pulse generation and compression by use of adaptive optics
Authors have compressed the output from a b-barium borate noncollinear optical parametric amplifier to ~7-fs pulse durations, using a micromachined deformable mirror (from OKO Technologies) with an efficient search algorithm.
Optics Letters 26, 1152-1154, (2001)
Author(s): M. R. Armstrong, P. Plachta, E. A. Ponomarev, R. J. D. Miller Download
Closed-loop adaptive optics in the human eye
Authors demonstrated real-time closed-loop correction of aberrations in the living eye. Defocus is removed by a motorized optometer, and higher-order aberrations are corrected by a membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.
Optics Letters 26, 746-748 (2001)
Author(s): E. J. Fernández, I. Iglesias, P. Artal Download
Wave front control systems based on modal liquid crystal lenses
Authors describe electro-optical systems for adaptive focusing of linearly polarized light. The systems are based on liquid crystal adaptive lenses, which are commercially available from OKO Technologies.
Review of Scientific Instruments 71, 3290-3297 (2000)
Author(s): M. Yu. Loktev, V. N. Belopukhov, F. L. Vladimirov, G. V. Vdovin, G. D. Love, A. F. Naumov Download
Shaped-pulse optimization of coherent emission of high-harmonic soft X-rays
The technique of pulse compression was applied to generation of coherent soft X-ray beams. The pulse-shaping apparatus was based on a micromachined deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.
Nature 406, 164-166 (2000)
Author(s): R. Bartels, S. Backus, E. Zeek, L. Misoguti, G. Vdovin, I. P. Christov, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn Download
Adaptive pulse compression for transform-limited 15-fs high-energy pulse generation
Authors demonstrate the use of a pulse shaper based on OKO's micromachined membrane deformable mirror to correct high-order residual phase aberrations in a 1-mJ, 1-kHz, 15-fs laser amplif ier.
Optics Letters 25, 587-589 (2000) Author(s): E. Zeek, R. Bartels, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, S. Backus, G. Vdovin Download
Smart microscope: an adaptive optics learning system for aberration correction in multiphoton confocal microscopy
Off-axis aberrations in a beam-scanning multiphoton confocal microscope are corrected with a deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.
Optics Letters 25, 52-54 (2000) Author(s): O. Albert, L. Sherman, G. Mourou, T. B. Norris, G. Vdovin Download
A low cost adaptive optics system using a membrane mirror
A low cost adaptive optics system is presented. The system uses a 37 actuator membrane mirror (from OKO Technologies) and operates at frame rates up to 800 Hz using a single processor.
Optics Express 6, 175-185 (2000)
Author(s): C. Paterson, I. Munro, J. C. Dainty Download
Hybrid curvature and gradient wave-front sensor
Authors proposed a new wave-front sensor for adaptive optics that gives signals for the curvature and the two gradient components of the wave front simultaneously. The performance of such a sensor used in conjunction with a micromachined membrane deformable mirror (from OKO Technologies) is considered.
Optics Letters 25, 1687-1689 (2000)Author(s): C. Paterson, J. C. Dainty Download
Membrane deformable mirrors under CW laser load
Behavior of micromachined membrane deformable mirrors from OKO Technologies under continuous laser load has been investigated experimentally and theoretically.
Proceedings of SPIE 3762, 58-66 (1999)
Author(s): G. Vdovin, N. Kuegler, M. Schacht Download
Wave-front generation of Zernike polynomial modes with a micromachined membrane deformable mirror
Authors investigate the characteristics of a 37-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror (from OKO Technologies) for wave-front generation. They demonstrate wave-front generation of the first 20 Zernike polynomial modes.
Applied Optics 38, 6019-6026 (1999)
Author(s): L. Zhu, P.-C. Sun, D.-U. Bartsch, W. R. Freeman, Y. Fainman Download
Aberration-free dynamic focusing with a multichannel micromachined membrane deformable mirror
Aberration-free dynamic focusing was demonstrated with a low-cost 19-channel micromachined membrane deformable mirror from OKO Technologies.
Applied Optics 38, 5350-5354 (1999) Author(s): L. Zhu, P.-C. Sun, Y. Fainman Download
Adaptive control of a micromachined continuous-membrane deformable mirror for aberration compensation
An adaptive experimental system to compensate for the wave-front aberrations of a model eye has been built in which a 19-channel micromachined deformable mirror from OKO Technologies was used.
Applied Optics 38, 168-176 (1999) Author(s): L. Zhu, P.-C. Sun, D.-U. Bartsch, W. R. Freeman, Y. Fainman Download
Pulse compression by use of deformable mirrors
An electrostatically deformable, gold-coated, silicon nitride membrane mirror from OKO Technologies was used as a phase modulator to compress pulses from 92 to 15 fs.
Optics Letters 24, 493-495 (1999) Author(s): E. Zeek, K. Maginnis, S. Backus, U. Russek, M. Murnane, G. Mourou, H. Kapteyn, G. Vdovin Download
Multichannel liquid-crystal-based wave-front corrector with modal influence functions
Authors report on a multichannel liquid-crystal-based wave-front corrector with smooth modal influence functions. The technology is avaliable in OKO Technologies by request.
Optics Letters 23, 1550-1552 (1998)
Author(s): A. F. Naumov, G. Vdovin Download
Liquid-crystal adaptive lenses with modal control
Authors report on a novel approach to the realization of nematic liquid-crystal (LC) cylindrical and spherical lenses. The lenses are available from OKO Technologies.
Optics Letters 23, 992-994 (1998)
Author(s): A. F. Naumov, M. Yu. Loktev, I. R. Guralnik, G. Vdovin Download
Reconstruction of an object shape from the near-field intensity of a reflected paraxial beam
Experimental reconstruction of an object shape from the near-field intensity of reflected or transmitted light is reported. The method of reconstruction is based on the direct numerical solution of the finite difference representation of the paraxial irradiance-transport equation.
Applied Optics 36, 5508-5513 (1997)
Author(s): G. Vdovin Download
Flexible mirror micromachined in silicon
One of the first publications on the technology of micromachined membrane deformable mirrors (MMDMs).
Applied Optics 34, 2968-2972 (1995)
Author(s): G. Vdovin, P. M. Sarro Download
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